【正文】 AES400 型 換熱器機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì) 摘 要 換熱器是實(shí)現(xiàn)化工生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中熱量交換和傳遞不可缺少的設(shè)備。在熱量交換中常有一些腐蝕性、氧化性很強(qiáng)的物料，因此，要求制造換熱器的材料具有抗強(qiáng)腐蝕性能。在石油、化工、輕工、制藥、能源等工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中，常常需要把低溫流體加熱或者把高溫流體冷卻，把液體汽化成蒸汽或者把蒸汽冷凝成液體。這些過(guò)程均和熱量傳遞有著密切聯(lián)系，因而均可以通過(guò)換熱器來(lái)完成 。 本文綜述了換熱器的應(yīng)用方向、發(fā)展歷史、種類和特點(diǎn)以及換熱器類型的選擇。著重介紹了目前在各種形式的換熱器中，應(yīng)用最為廣泛的也是最重要的浮頭式 換熱器。內(nèi)容包括浮頭式換熱器的基本類型、結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)、壓力試驗(yàn)的方法等，還根據(jù)所學(xué)知識(shí)對(duì)浮頭式換熱器的性能進(jìn)行分析。嚴(yán)格按照 GB150—— 1998《鋼制壓力容器》和 GB151—— 1999《管殼式換熱器》等國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，參考一些相關(guān)方面的書(shū)籍，設(shè)計(jì)出了一款典型的浮頭式換熱器。設(shè)計(jì)包括浮頭式換熱器中各零部件的結(jié)構(gòu)類型和材料的選擇，結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸的確定，零部件間連接方式的選擇，以及水壓試驗(yàn)等。在設(shè)計(jì)中發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題并通過(guò)大量的不同設(shè)計(jì)方案的計(jì)算比較，對(duì)所選零部件的結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸、材料與傳熱性能進(jìn)行反復(fù)驗(yàn)證和校核，做了理論分析，最終得出結(jié)論 。 關(guān)鍵詞： 換熱器，壓力試驗(yàn)，校核 Floating head heat exchanger mechanical design 303 Abstract Heat exchanger is the realization of chemical processes of heat exchange and transmission of essential equipment. Some of the heat exchange often corrosive, oxidizing materials, strong, therefore, require manufacturers of heat exchanger material with high corrosion resistance. In the petroleum, chemical, light industry, pharmaceuticals, energy and other industrial production, often need to heat or cold to hot fluid flow cooling, the liquid vaporized into steam or the steam condensing into a liquid. These processes are closely linked and heat transfer, which can be done through the heat exchanger. This paper reviews the application of the direction of the heat exchanger, history, types and characteristics of the type of heat exchanger options. Focuses on the current heat exchangers in a variety of forms, the most widely used and most important floating head heat exchanger. Floating head heat exchanger including the basic types, structural features, pressure test methods, also based on the knowledge of the floating head heat exchanger performance analysis. In strict accordance with GB150 1998 Steel Pressure Vessels and GB151 1999 shell and tube heat exchanger and other national standards, reference books, some relevant aspects of the design out of a typical floating head heat exchanger. Floating head heat exchanger design, including the various parts of the structure type and material selection, structure size determination, the choice of connection between parts, and pressure testing. Identify problems in the design of a large number of different designs through the calculation of the program, selected parts of the structure and size, material and heat transfer performance repeatedly verify and check, made a theoretical analysis, the final conclusion. Key words: heat exchangers, pressure test, check 目 錄 1 前 言 ............................................................... 換熱器的應(yīng)用及其發(fā)展 .............................................. 換熱器的分類及其特點(diǎn) .............................................. 換熱器的防腐 維護(hù) .................................................. 2 設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明 ............................................................ 殼程結(jié)構(gòu)的選材與選型 .............................................. 殼體 ............................................................ 折流板 .......................................................... 拉桿 ............................................................ 管程結(jié)構(gòu)的選材與選型 .............................................. 換熱管 .......................................................... 管板 ............................................................ 管箱 ............................................................ 換熱管與管板連接 ................................................ 其他零部件 ........................................................ 鉤圈 ............................................................ 支座 ............................................................ 3．換熱器結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 ................................................ 原始數(shù)據(jù) .......................................................... 浮頭式換熱器筒體的計(jì)算 ............................................ 厚度的計(jì)算 ...................................................... 壓力校核 ........................................................ 強(qiáng)度校核 ........................................................ 筒體的液壓試驗(yàn) .................................................. 前端管箱筒體計(jì)算 .................................................. 厚度確定 ........................................................ 壓力校核 ........................................................ 強(qiáng)度校核 ........................................................ 前端管箱的液壓試驗(yàn) .............................................. 前端管箱封頭計(jì)算 .................................................. 厚度計(jì)算 ........................................................ 壓力校核 ........................................................ 后 端管箱筒體計(jì)算 .................................................. 厚度確定 ........................................................ 壓力校核 ........................................................ 強(qiáng)度校核 ........................................................ 前端管箱的液壓試驗(yàn) .............................................. 后端管箱封頭計(jì)算 .................................................. 厚度計(jì)算 ........................................................ 壓力校核 ........................................................ 管板設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 ...................................................... 結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸及材料選取 .............................................. 管板厚度計(jì)算 .................................................... 換熱管的應(yīng)力 ...................................................... 換熱管軸向應(yīng)力計(jì)算 .............................................. 換熱管與管板的拉脫力 ............................................ 浮頭蓋的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 .................................................. 管程或殼程壓力 Pt 作用下浮頭蓋的計(jì)算 ............................. 球冠形封頭的液壓試驗(yàn) ............................................ 開(kāi)孔補(bǔ)強(qiáng)計(jì)算 ..................................................... 管箱或殼程開(kāi)孔補(bǔ)強(qiáng)計(jì)算 ......................................... 后管箱開(kāi)孔補(bǔ)強(qiáng)計(jì)算 ............................................. 4 結(jié) 論 .............................................