動物生理學(xué)5呼吸系統(tǒng)生理上(已修改)
2025-05-29 17:17 本頁面
【正文】 5 Respiration Chemical reduction of molecular oxygen to form water is the primary source of energy for animals. The principal site for the reaction occurs within the mitochondria. Without this reaction life cannot exist for more than seconds. Coincidental with the reduction of O2 is the production of CO2。 this es mainly from oxidative phosphorylation of glucose which also occurs principally in the mitochondrion. Repiration includes: ? The gases must be moved between the environment and the lungs, usually referred to as “pulmonary ventilation” ? The gases must be exchanged between the spaces in lung and the blood ? Exchange of gases between the blood and the various tissues must occur ? Finally transfer of gases must occur within the tissue to sites of utilization (for O2 ) and from the sites of production (for CO2) pulmonary ventilation Gas exchange between the environment and the lungs, usually referred to as “pulmonary ventilation” The structures needed for pulmonary ventilation: airway, alveoli [230。l’vi?lai] (單數(shù) alveolus ), and thorax 肺通氣的原理 肺通氣的動力 直接動力 肺泡與外界環(huán)境之間的壓力差 原動力 節(jié)律性呼吸運動 Respiratory movements (呼吸運動） Respiratory muscle: diaphragm(膈 ), intercostal muscle, et al Thoracic cavity Inspiratory movement amp。 Expiratory movement 呼吸運動的形式： 腹式呼吸和胸式呼吸 平靜呼吸和用力呼吸 Intrapulmonary pressures 肺內(nèi)壓 平靜呼吸 吸氣時 2~ 1 mmHg (~ ) 呼氣時 1~ 2 mmHg (~ ) 用力呼吸 (forced breathing)
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