【正文】 河南機電高等?？茖W(xué)校 畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文） 基于 PLC 的光伏控制系統(tǒng) 系 部 : 自動控制系 專 業(yè) : 電氣自動化技術(shù) 班 級 : 自 104 班 姓 名 : 郝亞磊 學(xué) 號 : 101415426 指導(dǎo)老師 : 張雷 二零一三年四月 二十五日 編號 摘要 I 摘 要 隨著能源和環(huán)境問題的日益嚴(yán)重，太陽能等新能源的開發(fā)、利 用越來越受到社會的關(guān)注，太陽能是一種理想的清潔綠色能源，但轉(zhuǎn)換和利用率不高，造成了太陽能利用的局限性很大。如何提高太陽能的轉(zhuǎn)換和利用率、降低發(fā)電系統(tǒng)建造成本是研究太陽能發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的兩大難題。本系統(tǒng)基于西門子 PLC 等自動化產(chǎn)品設(shè)計一種結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、成本低廉且精度高的太陽能自動追蹤系統(tǒng)，以提高太陽能的利用率。 本系統(tǒng)利用安裝在太陽能電池組件的不同方位光敏傳感器檢測太陽與電池組件相對位置，檢測結(jié)果傳輸給 PLC， PLC 通過變頻器驅(qū)動三相低速同步電機動作，實現(xiàn)水平角控制。系統(tǒng)首先通過雨水傳感器檢測天氣情況，如是雨天則自動停 止在原位不工作；非雨天情況下系統(tǒng)自動追蹤太陽，以使太陽能電池組件的輻照最大化。 由于時間及作者目前的知識限制，跟蹤系統(tǒng)只是進行粗略的角度跟蹤，有較大誤差，今后如有機會再進行改進。 關(guān)鍵詞 ： PLC ；變頻器 ；太陽能 ；追蹤 Abstract II ABSTRACT As the increasingly serious energy and environmental problems, solar and other new energy development and utilization of more and more get the attention of society, is a kind of ideal clean green energy, solar energy conversion and utilization is not high, cause the limitations of the solar energy utilization is very large. How to improve the solar energy conversion and utilization, reduce construction cost power generation system are two big problem in the study of solar power generation system. This system based on Siemens PLC and other automation products, design a simple structure, low cost and high precision automatic solar tracking system, in order to improve the utilization of solar energy. Using this system installed in different position of the solar energy battery ponents solar battery ponents and relative positions, photosensitive sensor detection results transmitted to PLC, PLC by the movements of the inverter drive threephase synchronous motor at low speed, Angle control implementation level. System first by weather conditions, rain sensor, rainy days don39。t work automatically stop in situ。 Is not the rainy day, system automatically identify further and cloudy weather, the cloudy system automatically track the sun, to maximize the solar cell ponent of irradiation. Manual mode, the user can be manually adjusted according to demand level Angle and elevation Angle of the solar cell ponent. System has a bad weather self protection function at the same time, such as strong wind weather, system will automatically keep the solar cell ponent level, to reduce the windward side. Due to time limit and the author39。s current knowledge, Angle tracking system is only for rough tracking, a greater error, if there is any chance to improve in the future. Key words: PLC。 Frequency converter。 Servo。 Solar energy。 trackin目錄 i 目錄 第 1 章 緒論 ............................................................................................................ 1 能源與環(huán)保 ................................................................................................ 1 能源緊缺 .......................................................................................... 1 環(huán)境污染 .......................................................................................... 1 系統(tǒng)研究背景 ............................................................................................ 1 系統(tǒng)研究目的 ................................................................................... 2 系統(tǒng)研究現(xiàn)狀 ................................................................................... 2 系統(tǒng)擬研究內(nèi)容 ............................................................................... 3 本章總結(jié) ..................................................................................................... 3 第 2 章 跟蹤系統(tǒng)的要求及方案 ............................................................................ 4 跟蹤系統(tǒng)的要求 ......................................................................................... 4 跟蹤系統(tǒng)的方案 ........................................................................................ 4 本章小結(jié) ..................................................................................................... 5 第 3 章 跟蹤系 統(tǒng)的硬件組成 ................................................................................ 6 跟蹤系統(tǒng)機械組成 ..................................................................................... 6 機械傳動機構(gòu)工作原理 .................................................................. 7 跟蹤系統(tǒng)電氣系統(tǒng)硬件 ............................................................................ 7 光伏模塊 .......................................................................................... 7 信號采集模塊和處理模塊 ............................................................... 7 驅(qū)動模塊 ........................................................................................ 7 控制器單元 ...................................................................................... 8 儲存裝置 ..................................................................................................... 9 計時模塊 ................................................................................................... 10 硬件之間的連接 ....................................................................................... 12 本章小結(jié) ................................................................................................... 13 第 4 章 跟蹤系統(tǒng)的軟件設(shè)計 .............................................................................. 14 PLC 的編程 ................................................................................................. 14 目錄 ii 模擬量編程 .............................................................................................. 14 本章小結(jié) ................................................................................................... 15 第 5 章 電氣控制技術(shù) .......................................................................................... 16 光伏跟蹤系統(tǒng)最大功率跟蹤概述 ........................................................... 16