【正文】 武漢工程大學(xué)本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) I 摘 要 硫酸是重要的基礎(chǔ)化工原料之一，是化學(xué)工業(yè)中最重要的產(chǎn)品 ,廣泛用于各個(gè)工業(yè)部門。 在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中，一般都采用二氧化硫催化氧化的方法制硫酸。根據(jù)使用催化劑的不同，硫酸的工業(yè)制法可分為硝化法和接觸法。本設(shè)計(jì)以年產(chǎn) 6萬噸硫酸車間干吸工段工藝設(shè)計(jì)為例。采用兩轉(zhuǎn)兩吸工藝，即爐氣首先在干燥塔中干燥后，再進(jìn)入轉(zhuǎn)化工段，經(jīng)一次轉(zhuǎn)化后爐氣進(jìn)入第一吸收塔進(jìn)行 SO3的吸收，吸收后氣體中含有少量 SO2和殘余的 SO3，進(jìn)入二次轉(zhuǎn)化器后回到第二吸收塔進(jìn)行吸收。設(shè)計(jì)具體過程包括工藝流程設(shè)計(jì)，工藝過程計(jì)算，主要設(shè)備工藝計(jì)算及選型 ，部分設(shè)備的平面布置幾個(gè)部分。本次設(shè)計(jì)涉及的主要設(shè)備有干燥塔，吸收塔，換熱器，填料塔等。 通過計(jì)算得到干燥塔冷卻器換熱面積為 ；中間吸收塔冷卻器換熱面積為 m2；最終吸收塔冷卻器換熱面積為 m2。干燥塔塔高為 ，塔徑為 ；中間吸收塔塔高為 ，塔徑為 ；最終吸收塔塔高為 ，塔徑為 。 計(jì)算中對主要工序進(jìn)了物料衡算，熱量衡算，并據(jù)此繪制物料平衡表和熱量平衡表。最后綜合上述結(jié)果完成工藝說明書、安全備忘錄、環(huán)境保護(hù)與治理建議。 關(guān)鍵詞： 硫酸；干吸；兩轉(zhuǎn)兩吸；工藝設(shè)計(jì)武漢工程大學(xué)本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) II Abstract Sulfuric acid is one of the most important basic chemical materials and the most important product in chemical industry. It’s used in many fields in our national economy. In industrial manufacture, we always produce sulfuric acid by oxidizing SO2 with the existence of catalyst. According to the different use of catalysts, ways of producing sulfuric acid in industrial manufacture can be classified into nitrification method and sulfurization design mainly describes about the process of sulfuric acid production with the annual production capacity of 60,000 tons, The whole system adopts double conversion and double absorption flow. First, the process gas enters drying tower to dry before conversion. The sulfur trioxide in the first conversion gas is absorbed in the inter pass absorption tower which contains little amount of the sulfur dioxide and residual sulfur trioxide. Then the gas is absorbed in the second absorption tower after conversion in the second converter. The main process of this design including the flow process design, the calculation and selection of the main equipment, the layout of some equipment. The main equipment involved drying tower, absorption tower, heat exchange, pack tower and so on. The heat exchange area of the drying tower is , the middle absorption tower m2, the last absorption tower . The height of the drying tower is , the middle absorption tower , the last absorption tower . The diameter of the drying tower is , the middle absorption tower , the last absorption tower design mainly calculated the mass balance and heat balance， and drew material balance table and heat balance in mainly production process. Finally, the process description, security memorandum, the proposal of environmental protection and management were plete. Keywords: Sulfuric acid。 Drying and absorption。 Double conversion and double absorption。 Technical design 武漢工程大學(xué)本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) III 目 錄 摘 要 ................................................................. I Abstract ................................................................................................................................... II 第 1章 概述 ........................................................................................................................... 1 硫酸的性質(zhì) ............................................................................................................. 1 硫酸的物理性質(zhì) ......................................................................................... 1 硫酸的化學(xué)性質(zhì) ......................................................................................... 1 硫酸的工業(yè)用途 ..................................................................................................... 3 總括 .............................................................................................................. 3 為農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)服務(wù) .......................................................................................... 3 為工業(yè)生產(chǎn)服務(wù) .......................................................................................... 4 對解決人民“穿”與“用”等問題所起的作用 ...................................... 4 對鞏固國防方面所起的作用 ...................................................................... 5 硫酸的生產(chǎn)方法 ..................................................................................................... 5 接觸法制造硫酸 ......................................................................................... 6 硝化法制造硫酸 ......................................................................................... 7 硫酸生產(chǎn)全工段工藝簡介 ..................................................................................... 8 SO2氣體的制取 ........................................................................................... 8 爐氣的凈化 ................................................................................................. 8 SO2氣體的轉(zhuǎn)化 ........................................................................................... 9 SO3氣體的吸收 ......................................................................................... 10 尾氣的處理 ............................................................................................... 10 兩次吸收法生產(chǎn)硫酸的流程圖 ............................................................................ 12 流程說明 ............................................................................................................... 12 干燥系統(tǒng)流程說明 ................................................................................... 12 一吸系統(tǒng)流程說明 ................................................................................... 12 二吸系統(tǒng)流程說明 ................................................................................... 13 工藝計(jì)算的基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù) ........................................................................................... 14 干燥塔基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù) ....................................................................................... 14 兩轉(zhuǎn)兩吸的吸收塔基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù) .................................................................... 14 我國硫酸工業(yè)的發(fā)展趨勢 ................................................................................... 15 武漢工程大學(xué)本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) IV 本次設(shè)計(jì)主要內(nèi)容 ............................................................................................... 15 第 2章 工藝計(jì)算 ...................................................................................................