【正文】 本科畢業(yè)設 計（ 論 文） 題目 樹枝聚合物抗剪切性能研究 摘 要 樹枝狀聚合物是當前正在蓬勃發(fā)展的一類新的聚合物，它是一類具有三維立體結(jié)構(gòu)的、高度有序的聚合物。與傳統(tǒng)高分子相比，這類聚合物在合成時，可以在分子水平上嚴格控制、設計分子的大小、形狀、結(jié)構(gòu)和功能基團，產(chǎn)物一般高度對稱，單分散性好，因而具有廣泛的應用前景。目前樹枝狀聚合物已發(fā)展成為具有理論價值和應用價值的新型聚合物。 驅(qū)油用聚合物溶液在注入過程中，將經(jīng)歷 注聚泵、 注入管線與設備、 炮眼 、近井地帶 及地層多孔介質(zhì) 的剪切降解作用，導致溶液黏度大幅度下 降 。 由于結(jié)構(gòu)特殊性，樹枝聚合物在抗剪切方面具有明顯的優(yōu)異性能，在驅(qū)油方面具有廣闊的應用空間，因此研究樹枝聚合物 抗剪切性能 具有實際意義。 本文利用吳茵攪拌器和射孔孔眼兩種方式對 HPAM 和樹枝聚合物進行了剪切，研究了剪切前后聚合物的流變性，結(jié)果表明：樹枝聚合物溶液的粘度隨著濃度的增加，在高剪切速率下，粘度隨剪切速率的增加而快速降低，說明該聚合物具有較好的剪切稀釋性，在低剪切速率下，樹枝聚合物溶液可以保持較高的穩(wěn)定粘度，有利于提高聚合物溶液的流度控制能力，在抗剪切方面，樹枝聚合物較 HPAM 表現(xiàn)出了相對明顯的優(yōu)越性 。 本文還利用一維填砂模型分別對未經(jīng)剪切和射孔孔眼剪切后的樹枝聚合物和HPAM 聚合物建立的阻力系數(shù)和殘余阻力系數(shù)能力進行了研究，得出結(jié)論：樹枝聚合物剪切前后其殘余阻力系數(shù)相差很小，說明樹枝聚合物具有優(yōu)異的抗剪切性能。 關鍵詞： 樹枝狀聚合物；剪切；粘度；殘余阻力系數(shù)；流變性 Ⅰ Abstract Dendritic polymers, suggests that it is he same as the tree branches polymers, dendritic polymers is a new class polymers which is currently booming, and it is also a class of threedimensional structure of highly ordered with traditional polymers, such polymers in the synthesis can be strictly controlled at the molecular level, the design of molecular size, shape, structure and functional groups, the product usually highly symmetric, singledispersion, and thus has a wide range of polymers has developed into the current theoretical and practical value of the new polymer. Flooding in the polymer solution into the process, will experience the injection pumps, injection pipes and equipment, borehole, near wellbore and formation of shear degradation of porous media, leading to the solution viscosity significantly down. As the struc tural peculiarities of polymer in the shear branch has significant outstanding performance,also in the displacement has a broad application space, the study of polymer shear resistance branches has practical significance In this paper, the shear character experiment of HPAM and dendritic polymer has been conducted, using Wuyin stirrer and perforating hole method. The paper studies the rheological behavior of the polymer before and after cutting. The result shows that the viscosity of polymer solution increases as the concentration increases. The viscosity decreases rapidly as the shear rate increases under high shear rate, which demonstrates that the polymer has good shear property. Also, the dendritic polymer solution maintains high viscosity under low shear rate, which could improve the coefficient of fluidity. The result also manifests that the dendritic polymer shows superiority to HPAM in respect of shear resistance. We also use the onedimensional model of fill sand, respectively established residual resistance factor and resistance factor without perforations cut and after cut of dendritic polymers and HPAM ,resulte shows： dendritic polymers before and after cut,there is little difference between the residual resistance coefficient, indicating that the dendritic polymers has excellent shear properties. Keywords ： Dendritic polymers。shear。viscosity。residual resistance factor。rheological property. Ⅱ 目 錄 摘要 Abstract 1 緒論 ................................................... 1 研究目的及意義 .................................................... 1 研究方法 .......................................................... 1 主要研究內(nèi)容 ...................................................... 1 研究思路 .......................................................... 1 2 樹枝 聚合物 .............................................. 3 樹枝聚合物的概念 .................................................. 3 研究現(xiàn)狀 .......................................................... 3 樹枝聚合物結(jié)構(gòu)特點與性能 .......................................... 4 樹枝聚合物的應用 .................................................. 5 3 剪切前后聚合物流變性研究 ................................. 7 實驗條件及步驟 .................................................... 7 實驗條件 ..................................................... 7 聚合物配制 ................................................... 7 剪切方式 ..................................................... 8 聚合物流變性的測定 ........................................... 9 剪切作用對粘度的影響 ............................................. 10 剪切作用對流變性的影響 ........................................... 11 樹枝聚合物 .................................................. 11 HPAM ........................................................ 13 樹枝聚合物與 HPAM 的對比 ..................................... 16 本章小結(jié) ......................................................... 22 4 剪切前后聚合物建立殘余阻力系數(shù)能力研究 ................... 24 阻力系數(shù)與殘余阻力系數(shù)定義 ....................................... 24 實驗條件 ......................................................... 24 操作步驟 ......................................................... 24 剪切前后聚合物建立殘余阻力系數(shù)分析 ............................... 25 未剪切 HPAM 與樹枝聚合物在低滲透巖心中的殘阻實驗 ............. 25 未剪切 HPAM 與樹枝聚合物在高滲透巖心中的殘阻實驗 ............. 26 經(jīng)剪切后 HPAM 與樹枝聚合物在低滲透巖心中的殘阻實驗 ........... 27 經(jīng)剪切后 HPAM 與樹枝聚合物在高滲透巖心中的殘阻實驗 ........... 28 Ⅰ 本章