【正文】
本科畢業(yè)設(shè) 計(jì)( 論 文) 題目 一種表面活性 離子液體的合成 學(xué)生姓名 陳亮 學(xué) 號(hào) 0804040541 教學(xué)院系 化學(xué)化工學(xué)院 專業(yè)年級(jí) 化學(xué)工程與工藝 2020 級(jí) 指導(dǎo)教師 黃英 職 稱 講師 單 位 西南石油大學(xué) 輔導(dǎo)教師 職 稱 單 位 完成日期 2020 年 6 月 1 日 Southwest Petroleum University Graduation Thesis The synthesis of a surface active ionic liquid Grade: 2020 Name: Liang Chen Speciality: Chemical Engineering and Technology Instructor: Ying Huang School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 20206 摘 要 離子液體作為 一 種新型的綠色材料,具有不 易 揮發(fā)、不可燃、可重復(fù)利用、熱穩(wěn)定性好、物化性質(zhì)可調(diào)等特點(diǎn) ,并且在精細(xì)有 機(jī)合成、催化、電化學(xué)、材料科學(xué)、生物工程以及能源等領(lǐng)域得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用。現(xiàn)有的應(yīng)用最為廣泛的離子液體為烷基甲基咪唑鹽,然而其設(shè)計(jì)性差、極性大、憎水性弱、有機(jī)性能低的缺陷限制了其在工業(yè)上的進(jìn) 步應(yīng)用。因此設(shè)計(jì)開發(fā)新型的、具有特殊功能的離子液體材料來滿足不同的需求并豐富離子液體基礎(chǔ)化學(xué)理論,具有重要意義。 咪唑表面活性劑是 一 類新型的表面活性劑。對于 1烷基 3甲基咪唑溴而言,當(dāng)烷基鏈的長度較短時(shí),它是 一 種在常溫下為液體、幾乎無蒸汽壓、無可燃性、無著火點(diǎn)、熱穩(wěn)定性和化學(xué)穩(wěn)定性高的離子液體,并在化學(xué)分離、有機(jī)合成 、納米材料和太陽能電池等領(lǐng)域得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用。而當(dāng)它的烷基鏈較長時(shí),則類似于傳統(tǒng)的陽離子表面活性劑,并作為雙親性的咪唑離子液得到了廣泛的研究。研究表明,與傳統(tǒng)的陽離子表面活性劑 — 烷基三甲基溴化銨相比,這種長鏈咪唑離子液具有更高的表面活性。 論文分綜述和實(shí)驗(yàn)兩個(gè)部分 : 綜述部分系統(tǒng)地概述了離子液體的分類 ; 離子液體的合成方法和性質(zhì) ; 離子液體在有機(jī)合成、電化學(xué)、化學(xué)分離等方面的應(yīng)用等三 個(gè) 大 方面 , 歸納了離子液體的特點(diǎn)和應(yīng)用。 本實(shí)驗(yàn)主要以 甲基咪唑 、 1溴代十二烷為原料 ,采取咪唑類表面活性 子液體的合成 路線 。 產(chǎn)物經(jīng)分離 純化后用紅外光譜測試技術(shù)進(jìn)行表征,最后測試了合成產(chǎn)物的熔點(diǎn) ,以及表面活性。 關(guān)鍵詞 :離子液體;咪唑;表面活性 Abstract Ionic liquids as a new type of green material, nonvolatile, nonbustible, reusable, good thermal stability, and physicochemical properties tunable characteristics, and in fine anic synthesis, catalysis, electrochemistry, materials science, bioengineering and energy and other areas has been widely used. Existing most widely used ionic liquid alkyl methyl of imidazole salt, however, its design, polarity, polar weak anic performance of low defect limits its industrial progress further applications. Design and development of new, special features of ionic liquid materials to meet different needs and enrich the ionic liquid and basic chemical theory is of great significance. Imidazole surfactants are a new class of surfactant. For 1 alkyl 3 – methyl imidazolium bromide, when the alkyl chain length is shorter, it is at room temperature liquid, almost no vapor pressure, nonflammable, nonfire point, thermal stability and high chemical stability of the ionic liquid, and chemical separation, the field of anic synthesis, nanomaterials and solar cells, etc. are widely used. When its longer alkyl chain, similar to traditional cationic surfactants, and amphiphilic Imidazolium ionic liquid has been widely studied. Studies have shown that pared with traditional cationic surfactant alkyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, longchain ionic liquid has a higher surface activity. Thesis review and experiments in two parts: Summary of part of the system overview of the classification of the ionic liquid。 three major aspects of the synthesis method and the nature of the ionic liquid。 ionic liquids in anic synthesis, electrochemistry, chemical separation, summarized the characteristics and applications of ionic liquids. This experiment with methyl imidazole,1 bromodecane as raw materials, to take the route of synthesis of the imidazole surfactant , characterization of the melting point of the synthetic products, as well as surfactant. Key words: ionic liquid。 imidazole。 surfactant 目錄 ............................................................................................................................ 1 引言 ............................................................................................................... 1 離子液體簡介 .................................................................................................. 1 離子液體的分類 .................................................................................... 1 離子液體的特點(diǎn) .................................................................................... 2 離子液體 的研究進(jìn)展 ............................................................................ 2 離子液體的物理化學(xué)性質(zhì) .............................................................................. 3 離子液體的熔點(diǎn) .................................................................................... 3 離子液體的密度 .................................................................................... 4 離子液體的溶解性 ................................................................................ 4 離子液體的熱穩(wěn)定性 ............................................................................ 5 離子液體的粘度 .................................................................................... 6 離子液體的電化學(xué)性能 ........................................................................ 7 離子液體的表面張力 ............................................................................ 7 離子液體的應(yīng)用 .............................................................................................. 7 萃取分離中的應(yīng)用 ................................................................................ 8 在有機(jī)合成中的應(yīng)用 ............................................................................ 9 電化學(xué)方面的應(yīng)用 ................................................................................ 9 在三次采油中的應(yīng)用 .......................................................................... 10 離子液體型表面活性劑 ................................................................................ 10 咪唑類離子液體的研究進(jìn)展 ........................................................................ 10 二烷基咪唑四氟硼酸鹽的研究進(jìn)展 .................................................. 10 二烷基咪唑硫酸乙酯的研究進(jìn)展 .......................................................11 產(chǎn)物純化 ........................................................................................................ 12 研究思路及 意義 ............................................................................................ 13 .................................................................................................................. 14