【正文】 沈陽(yáng)化工大學(xué) 本科畢業(yè)論文 題 目 ： S7200 PLC 在 4M 機(jī)床的應(yīng)用 院 系： 信息工程學(xué)院 專 業(yè)： 電氣工程及其自動(dòng)化 班 級(jí)： 0801 學(xué)生姓名： 指導(dǎo)教師： 邢杰 論文提交日期： 2020 年 6 月 21 日 論文答辯日 期： 2020 年 6 月 26 日 摘要 目前可編程控制器（ PLC）廣泛應(yīng)用于數(shù)控機(jī)床等工業(yè)的控制中，主要是因?yàn)槭褂?PLC 來(lái)代替繼電器控制完成邏輯控制，使數(shù)控機(jī)床結(jié)構(gòu)更緊湊，功能更豐富，相應(yīng)速度和可靠性大大提高?？删幊炭刂破魇且环N專為在工業(yè)環(huán)境下應(yīng)用而設(shè)計(jì)的數(shù)字運(yùn)算操作的電子系統(tǒng)，它采用一種可編程程序的儲(chǔ)存器，在其內(nèi)部?jī)?chǔ)存執(zhí)行邏輯運(yùn)算、順序控制、定時(shí)、計(jì)數(shù)和算術(shù)運(yùn)算等操作的指令，通過(guò)數(shù)字式、模擬式的輸入輸出來(lái)控制各種類型的機(jī)械設(shè)備的生產(chǎn)過(guò)程。 立式車(chē)床是針對(duì)特定工件，進(jìn)行特定加工而設(shè)計(jì)的一種高效率的自 動(dòng)化專用加工設(shè)備， 主要用于加工重型工件和不易在臥式車(chē)床上裝夾的工件，太重的工件在臥車(chē)不易裝夾，由于本身自重，對(duì)加工精度有影響，采用 立式車(chē)床 可以解決上述問(wèn)題 。 普通 4M 立式車(chē)床是加工大型機(jī)械裝備的重要設(shè)備， 用于加工徑向尺寸大而軸向尺寸相對(duì)較小，形狀復(fù)雜的大型和重型工件。 由于該設(shè)備采用變速箱有級(jí)調(diào)速，刀具的進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)不能適應(yīng)加工螺紋等復(fù)雜表面輪廓的工件。 對(duì)普通的 4M立式車(chē)床的數(shù)字化改造， 使 PLC技術(shù)應(yīng)用于 4M立式車(chē)床中， 目的在于使機(jī)床的進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)主軸轉(zhuǎn)速的快速跟蹤及刀具的精確定位，能以工藝要求的任意比例確定切 削速度，加工螺紋等復(fù)雜輪廓表面。采用可編程控制器及變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)對(duì)普通 4M 立式車(chē)床進(jìn)行數(shù)字化改造， 由電氣系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行工作自動(dòng)循環(huán)的控制， 其方便程度以及工件的加工能力都要高于普通的 4M 機(jī)床。而且 PLC 的靈活性和擴(kuò)展性強(qiáng)，后期對(duì)程序進(jìn)行修改和調(diào)試均很方便，設(shè)計(jì)完成后，現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的施工 和控制邏輯的設(shè)計(jì)可以同時(shí)進(jìn)行。 給出系統(tǒng)的硬件電氣原理圖及系統(tǒng)軟件的結(jié)構(gòu)框圖，應(yīng)用編好的程序進(jìn)行調(diào)試，調(diào)試 結(jié)果表明：應(yīng)用 PLC 和變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)，可以實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)普通 4M 立式車(chē)床改造的工藝要求。 關(guān)鍵詞 ： 立式車(chē)床； 進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)； 可編程控制器； 同步伺 服電機(jī) Abstract The programmable controller ( PLC ) is widely used in CNC machine tools and other industrial control, mainly because of the use of PLC to replace the relay control logic control of NC machine tool, that results in a more pact, more functions, the corresponding speed and reliability are greatly improved. Programmable controller is a designed for applications in the industrial design environment of electronic digital puting operating system, it uses a programmable memory, in its internal storage implementation of logical, sequential control, timing, counting and arithmetic operations such as instruction, through digital, analog input output the control of various types of machinery and equipment of the production process. Vertical lathe is targeted to specific work, specific processing and the design of a high efficient automation equipment for processing, mainly for processing large diameter, the short length of large, heavy workpieces and not easy in horizontal lathe with the clamping of the workpiece, the workpiece is too heavy in the sleeper is not easy to clip, because of their weight, the processing accuracy influence of the vertical lathe, can solve the above problem. Common 4M vertical lathe processing of large mechanical equipment is important equipment for processing large size, radial and axial size is relatively small, large and heavy workpiece with plicated shape. Because the device adopts the gearbox has speed, tool feed system can not adapt to the processing of plex surface contour of the workpiece thread. To the ordinary 4M vertical lathe digital transformation, so that the application of PLC technology in 4M vertical lathe, the purpose is to make the machine feed system for spindle speed fast tracking tool and precise positioning, can process arbitrary proportion of determining cutting speed, processing thread and other plex surface contour. Using the programmable controller and frequency conversion and speed regulation technology of ordinary 4M vertical lathe for digital transformation, the electrical system to carry on the work of automatic cycling control, its convenience and workpiece processing capacity are higher than those of ordinary 4M machine tool. And PLC flexibility and expansibility, later to modify the program and debugging are convenient, after the pletion of the design, construction and control logic design can be done at the same time. Given the system hardware schematic diagram and system software structure, the application of coding for debugging, debugging results show that: the application of PLC and frequency control technology, can realize the mon 4M vertical lathe process requirements. KEY WORDS: vertical lathe； feed system； rogram logic controller； synchronous servomotor. 沈陽(yáng)化工大學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位論文 目錄 目 錄 第一章 緒論 ......................................... 1 ....................... 1 可編程控制器的用途與特點(diǎn) ....................... 1 可編程控制器的分類 ............................. 2 采用西門(mén)子 S7200 PLC 的原因 .................... 3 第二章 方案論證 ..................................... 4 普通機(jī)床數(shù)控改造的意義 ......................... 4 PLC 的概述 ..................................... 4 PLC 應(yīng)用于立式車(chē)床的原因 ....................... 5 4M 立式機(jī)床的刀具運(yùn)動(dòng)方式 ...................... 6 進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)的改造方案 ............................. 6 第三章 系統(tǒng) 的硬件構(gòu)成 ............................... 8 系統(tǒng)的硬件電路構(gòu)成 ............................. 8 變頻器介紹 .................................... 9 伺服電機(jī)介紹 ................................. 10 可編程控制器的硬件組成 ........................ 11 可編程控制器 I/O 點(diǎn)的分配 ...................... 13 沈陽(yáng)化工大學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位論文 目錄 可編程控制器 CPU 的硬件選型 .................... 14 可編程序控制器的主要性能指標(biāo) .................. 15