以色列高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)五十年的卓越[外文翻譯](已修改)
2025-06-01 16:59 本頁面
【正文】 本科畢業(yè)論文外文翻譯 外文題目： The Israel High TechIndusty Fifty Years of Excellence 出 處： Israel Mnistry Of Roreign Affairs 作 者： Nisso Cohen The Israel HighTech Industry Fifty Years of Excellence By Nisso Cohen Israels hightech industry is experiencing an unprecedented rate of growth which began in the early 1990s. Its growth is evidenced both in total sales 1997 sales totaled $ billion, a growth of % over 1996 and in exports $ billion in 1997, a growth of % over 1996. This is in a country with a total population of less than six million。 GDP (1996) of $ billion。 and exports (goods and services, 1996) of $ billion. Moreover, advanced technologies developed in Israel are in great demand, and many Israelideveloped applications can now be found in the products of multinational panies in the munications, puters, information systems, medicine, optics, consumer goods and software sectors. Origins The Israel hightech industry was born with the State of Israel. In 1948, the newlycreated Israel Defense Forces established a branch called the Science Corps. The corps developed new arms, explosives, and a variety of electric and electronic appliances for the IDF. Israels military industry developed at a rapid pace, meeting the countrys needs for armaments and technologies which it could not obtain from abroad. During the same period, Israel developed what were to bee the best institutions of education and scientific research in the Middle East. They include the TechnionIsrael Institute of Technology in Haifa, the Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot, the Hebrew University in Jerusalem, and universities in Haifa, Beer Sheba, Tel Aviv and Ramat Gan. In the early sixties, Israel entered the nuclear era with the establishment of two nuclear research plants. The first Israeli puter was developed and assembled in the early fifties at the Weizmann Institute. Golem (dummy) was an alltube puter, similar to the first puters developed in the US in the forties. In the late fifties and early sixties, there were already several mainframe puters in Israel, purchased from IBM and Philco. Those puters were used primarily by government ministries and institutions, universities and a number of banks. In the late sixties and early seventies, mainframe and mini puters perated the financial and business sectors. During the eighties, many Israelis acquired personal puters. The HighTech Industry One factor in the exceptional growth rate in this industry in recent years is Israels percentage of engineers, the worlds highest, with 135 engineers per 10,000 persons, as pared to 85 per 10,000 persons in the United States. Another factor has been the many thousands of skilled engineers and technicians who have immigrated from the former Soviet Union since 1989. Moreover, advanced technologies that were originally developed and utilized for military purposes are now being used for developing mercial products for civilian use. With the downsizing of Israels defense industry as a peace dividend thousands of skilled personnel have left the defense industry since 1988. Many of them were absorbed into the civilian marketplace, while others formed startup panies which later became successful hightech firms. The ongoing success of the Israeli hightech industry is reflected in the local and foreign stock markets. In 1996 Israeli firms provided the third largest number of initial purchase offerings (IPOs) on the NASDAQ (overthecounter stock exchange) in New York, after the US and Canada, and the second largest number of IPOs on the relatively new AIM (Alternative Investment Market) in London (after the UK). Many leading American investment houses and venture capital funds have established a presence in Israel in order to support Israeli
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