【正文】 第 1課 一、 Language Points 1. share v. 分享、合用： share sth with sb n. 一份，股份 spare a. 業(yè)余的，備用的： spare time, a spare tire v. 抽出，勻給： spare me five minutes/ spare one of sandwiches for the boy spare no efforts：不遺余力 spare no expense：不惜工本 save v. 節(jié)省，救出 2. He felt lucky to have survived the war. 3. with sb about/over sth：和某人就某事爭論 argue for/against sth：贊成 /反對 … Sb into/out of (doing) sth：說服某人做 /不做某事 4. have/make/let/see/watch/listen to +賓 +賓補(bǔ) (do/doing/done) get sb to do sth have+賓 +賓補(bǔ) (to do/to be done) 5. So+同一主語 +助動(dòng)詞 So/neither/nor+助動(dòng)詞 +另一主語 So it is/was with+另一主語 6. should/ought to/need/could/might/would+do/have done 7. except/but/except for/except that/except whclause besides/in addition apart from but for=without 8. The first time+從句 For the first time：作時(shí)間狀語 It’s the first time+thatclause(完成時(shí) ) the first+名詞 +to do 9. most most of the +n.(pl)/pron. the majority of (the) mostly: 主要地（狀） 10. be equal to sth：與 …相等 be equal to (doing) sth：勝任 (做 )某事 equal sth：與 …相等 equal sb in sth：在 …方面與某人匹敵 11. pare…to/with… pared to/with… 12. a great many several/two dozen/hundred +n.(pl.) (many) dozens of a great many of +the/these/those+n.(pl.) seveal/two dozen of +pron. 13. much too+adj/adv(原級(jí) ) too much+n.(u.) too many+n.(pl.) 14. 沒有被動(dòng)態(tài) e about(主要用于疑問句、否定句 ) happen(表示偶然、碰巧之意 ) sth+ take place(多表示有組織、有計(jì)劃 ) break out(指戰(zhàn)爭、災(zāi)害、疾病等的爆發(fā) ) occur(與 happen通用 ) It occurs to sb that/to do…：某人突然想起 … 15. n./pron./adj./adv./prepphrase to do：表將來 With+賓 +賓補(bǔ) doing：表正在進(jìn)行 Done：表過去 16. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的判斷方法：如果將句子中的 “it be”和 “that”去掉，原句通順則是強(qiáng)調(diào)句，否則就不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句。例： It was in the street that I met an old friend yesterday. 二、語法專題 ──名詞 的考點(diǎn) 1. 考查可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，尤其是許多不可數(shù)名詞在一定情況下變?yōu)榭蓴?shù)名詞。 2. 考查名詞的格，即 ’s所有格， of所有格或雙重所有格。 3. 名詞作定語。 4. 名詞及名詞短語的辨析。 5. 名詞與介詞，冠詞，動(dòng)詞的搭配。 三、 題型歸納 ──辨析型單項(xiàng)填空 1. 名詞的辨析 名詞的辨析首先要注意名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的意義區(qū)別，如 parent指父親或母親，而 parents指父母雙親； people指人們，而 a people指民族。其次注意可數(shù)與不可數(shù)時(shí)的意義區(qū)別，如 : exercise指鍛煉；而 exercises指練習(xí)題或練習(xí)操；再次，注意同義名詞或近義名詞的區(qū)別，如 :: event指發(fā)生的重大事件、體育項(xiàng)目； incident指偶發(fā)事件；而 accident指意外事件。最后還要注意近形詞的區(qū)別，如 : cloth指布；cloths指各種不同用途的布； clothes指衣服 (復(fù)數(shù) )， clothing衣服 (總稱 )。 2. 動(dòng)詞的辨析 對于動(dòng)詞的辨析，首先要了解動(dòng)詞的及物與不及物，如 : reply意為 “回答，答復(fù) ”后面接名詞時(shí)需接介詞 to, 此時(shí)為不及物動(dòng)詞；后接從句時(shí)，則為及物動(dòng)詞。其次是要弄清動(dòng)詞的詞義區(qū)別，如 : advise與 persuade, 前者指勸說、勸告，強(qiáng)調(diào)過程；而后者指說服，強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果。最后還要區(qū)別各種非謂語動(dòng)詞間的意義和用法：動(dòng)詞的 ving形式表示正在進(jìn)行或伴隨的動(dòng)作； ved 形式表示完成或被動(dòng)； to do形式表示即將進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作等。 3. 形容詞、副詞的辨析 對于形容詞、副詞，一是要注意近義詞間的區(qū)別，如 : clever指對問題處理的圓滑； bright指對問題的反應(yīng)快； wise指選擇的正確等。此外，如 wide與 broad。 strong與 powerful。 interesting與 interested。 exciting與 excited等。二是注意同形的形容詞和副詞，如 : close作形容詞時(shí)意為 “親密的 ”；作副詞時(shí)意為 “接近，靠攏 ”。三是注意同根副詞的區(qū)別，如 : hard與 hardly, 前者指猛烈地、努力地；而后者意為幾乎不。四是注意副詞形式的形容詞，如 : friendly, lovely, lively實(shí)際上是形容詞，切不可當(dāng)作副詞使用。五是注意形容詞的位置區(qū)別，如 : present+ n.+present，前者指當(dāng)前的；而后者指在場的。 4. 介詞的辨析 對介詞的辨析要從兩方面入手，一是介詞 的詞義，如 : across, through, past, over為動(dòng)作介詞， across強(qiáng)調(diào)從表面橫過，越過； through強(qiáng)調(diào)從空間穿過； past強(qiáng)調(diào)從側(cè)面、旁邊經(jīng)過； over強(qiáng)調(diào)從空中越過而不接觸，也可以表示越過一段距離、空間等。此外，如 above, over, on。 with, by。 of, to。 to, for的區(qū)別。 5. 連詞的辨析 連詞的區(qū)別主要在于：一是連詞的意義，如： when, while與 as。 because, since與 for。 whether與 if。 though, as與 although等。二是注意時(shí)間名詞短語轉(zhuǎn)化而成的連詞，如： every/each time。 the first/second…time。 the moment。 the minute等，它們都可作連詞，連接從句。三是注意副詞轉(zhuǎn)化而成的連詞，如 : directly, immediately, instantly等。四是注意連詞的詞序，如 : only if與 if only, 前者意為 “只要 ”，后者意為 “要是 …就好了 ”。 6. 代詞的辨析 代詞的辨析包括不定代詞，如 : other, others, the other, the others, another等；人稱代詞，如 : one, it, that等和關(guān)系代詞，如 : which與 that。 which與 as。 whose與 prep.+which/whom等。 1. Does the teacher____ you to go home this weekend? A. allow B. consent C. agree D. approve 2. After the big fire, the house was pletely____. A. ruined B. destroyed C. damaged D. spoiled 3. The hunter said he was lucky to get out of the forest____. A. living B. alive C. lively D. live 4. ____ talking with his Grandma, he went away without saying a word. A. Tiring with B. Tiring of C. Tired with D. Tired of 5. It’s necessary to have some____ knowledge for this job. A. electric B. electrical C. elctron D. electricity 6. The photo____ on the wall was taken in Beijing last year. A. hang B. hanging C. hung D. hanged 7. On New Year’s Day, people, especially girls, always wear new____new hats, new coats, new trousers and new shoes. A. clothes B. clothing C. cloth D. cloths 8. He stays up____ in the evenings to go online to get the____ information. A. late, latest B. lately, last C. late, last D. latest, latest 9. ____ is it to ask her about her about that? She doesn’t know it either. A. What good B. How good C. What a good D. How much good 10. ____ I had done it I knew I had made a mistake. A. Hardly B. Directly C. mostly D. Nearly 11. It is said you went to see Jenny yesterday. What has bee___ her? A. from B. of C. into D. / 12. Who do you think will be allowed____ there tomorrow? A. visit B. to visit C. visiting D. visited 13. Today we can either fly to Hainan Island or take a ship___ the sea. A. in B. across C. from in D. across from 14. You wil find what great benefit the puter you own can be____ each time you use it to help you work. A. for B. of C. at D. on 15. I thought he was not____ of a professor the first time I heard him speaking to the children at the platform in the hall of our school. A. something B. anything C. somebody D. anybody 16. We’ve missed the last bus. I’m afraid we have no____ but to take a taxi. A. way B. choice C. possibility D. selection 17. ____ students have graduated from this school in the last twenty years. A. Tens of thousands of B. Tens upon thousands of C. Tens in thousands D. Ten thousands of 18. The farmers plan to produce three times____ in the year before last to meet the increa