【正文】 Evaluation of Material Design Limits for TBM Applications AbstractThe aim of the work presented is, firstly, an evaluation of existing design rules considered for austenitic steels exhibiting hardening cycle by cycle contrary to the reduced activation ferriticmartensitic steels (RAFM), which soften under cyclic loading. Secondly, it is a definition of the range of operation temperatures and loads for the current design of the test blanket module (TBM). Results of cycling tests of the EUROFER 97 performed by J. Aktaa amp。 R. Schmitt Ill have been thereby used to adjust material parameters needed for an ABAQUSown bined nonlinear isotropickinematic hardening model. Furthermore, the viscoplastic material model considering material damage Ill implemented recently as an ABAQUS user material (UMAT) has been applied for simulations and the results have been pared with those obtained using the material model mentioned above. Keywordstest blanket module, reduced activation ferriticmartensitic steel, EUROFER 97, structural design code, cyclic softening, stress categoriuation, ratcheting, hightemperature design rules TBM材料 設(shè)計極限的評估 摘要，這項工作的目的提出的是，第一，對現(xiàn)有的參展硬化奧氏體鋼和軟化的馬氏體鋼的現(xiàn)有規(guī)則的評價。其次，這是一個對工作溫度和試驗包層模塊（隧道掘進機）目前的設(shè)計負荷范圍的定義。對由 J. Aktaa＆河施密特表現(xiàn)欠佳的歐洲鋼鐵聯(lián)盟 97 單車試驗的結(jié)果已使使用 來調(diào)整有限元中結(jié)合自己的非線性各向同性運動強化模型所需的材料參數(shù)。此外，粘塑性材料模型考慮物質(zhì)損害病患者實施的一種有限元中的用戶材料（ UMAT）最近已申請模擬，結(jié)果也被使用的材料獲得上述模型進行了比較。 關(guān)鍵詞 試驗包層模塊，減少活化鐵素體，馬氏體鋼，歐洲鋼鐵聯(lián)盟 97，結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計規(guī)范，循環(huán)軟化，強調(diào)準則，棘輪，高溫設(shè)計規(guī)則 I. INTRODUCTION This work is a part of the development activity of the ITER test blanket module (TBM).A determination of hightemperature design rules considering the creep/fatigue is the aim of the work. According to the presentday vision, the TBM should be manufactured from a reducedactivation ferriticmartensitic (RAFM) steel EUROFER 97, which exhibits severe softening during cyclic loading contrary to usual austenitic steels. This abnormal behavior leads definitively to a necessity to revise a traditional formulation of some important design rules such as the wellknown 3 Sm rule. Such a revision requests, firstly, a wide experimental data base and, secondly, an advanced material model being able to describe a realistic behavior of a material. The fulfillment of both these requirements as well as acute needs of blanket designers in renewed rules forn thus positive initial conditions for the appearance of the work presented. 一，導言 這項工作是對 ITER 試驗包層模塊的開發(fā)活動的一部分（隧道掘進機）。甲高溫設(shè)計規(guī)則考慮蠕變 /疲勞是工作目標的決心。根據(jù)今天的理想，隧道掘進機制造的，應(yīng)降低激活素體，馬氏體（ RAFM）鋼歐洲鋼鐵聯(lián)盟 97，該展覽在循環(huán)荷載違背一般奧氏體鋼嚴重軟化。這種不正常的行為導致最終以必要的修改等一些著名的 3條重要釤傳統(tǒng)的設(shè)計規(guī)則的制定。 這種修訂的要求，首先，基礎(chǔ)廣泛的實驗數(shù)據(jù)，其次是一種先進的材料模型能夠描述一個現(xiàn)實的物質(zhì)的行為。上述兩項要求的實現(xiàn)，以及在新的規(guī)則毯福爾設(shè)計師緊迫需要為工作狀態(tài)，從而提出了積極的初始條件。 OF MATERIAL PARAMETERS To simulate the actual behavior of the TBM under cyclic thermal and mechanical loading, experimental data of corresponding cyclic tests are needed. Such data stemming from a life time study of the EUROFER 97at 450 (723K),550 (823K) and 650 (923K) performed by J. Aktaa amp。 R. Schmitt [1] as well as at the room temperature (RT) provided by M. Weick [2] have been used to adjust material parameters required for an ABAQUSown nonlinear isotropickinematic hardening model [3]. This model is able to account . for the Bauschinger effect, a cyclic hardening with plastic shakedown as well as for a ratcheting. A description of the material model is given in [3] and lies outside the paper. The determined values for the parameters C, y, Q and b specified also in [3] are collected in tabs. I and II. TABLE I. KINEMATIC HARDENING: THE FITTED PARAMETER C FOR DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES。 THE 2ID PARAMETER r =1150 TABLE II. ISOTROPIC HARDENING: THE FITTED PARAMETES Q AND b FOR DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES. 為 了模擬循環(huán)下熱和機械載荷的隧道掘進機的實際行為，相應(yīng)的循環(huán)測試的實驗數(shù)據(jù)是必要的。從生命的時間研究產(chǎn)生的數(shù)據(jù)，歐洲鋼鐵聯(lián)盟 97at 450（ 723K）