土木工程巖土外文翻譯-建筑結(jié)構(gòu)(已修改)
2025-06-01 13:59 本頁面
【正文】 河北大學(xué) 2020 屆本科生畢業(yè)論文 （設(shè)計(jì)） 1 1 Basic mechanics of soils Loads from foundations and walls apply stresses in the ground. Settlements are caused by strains in the ground. To analyze the conditions within a material under loading, we must consider the stressstrain behavior. The relationship between a strain and stress is termed stiffness. The maximum value of stress that may be sustained is termed strength. Analysis of stress and strain 1） Special stress and strain states 2） Mohr circle construction 3） Parameters for stress and strain Stresses and strains occur in all directions and to do settlement and stability analyses it is often necessary to relate the stresses in a particular direction to those in other directions. normal stress ? = Fn / A shear stress ? = Fs / A normal strain ? = ?z / zo shear strain ? = ?h / zo Note that pressive stresses and strains are positive, counterclockwise shear stress and strain are positive, and that these are total stresses (see effective stress). Special stress and strain states In general, the stresses and strains in the three dimensions will all be different. There are three special cases which are important in ground engineering: 河北大學(xué) 2020 屆本科生畢業(yè)論文 （設(shè)計(jì)） 2 General case princpal stresses Axially symmetric or triaxial states Stresses and strains in two dorections are equal. ?39。x = ?39。y and ?x = ?y Relevant to conditions near relatively small foundations, piles, anchors and other concentrated loads. Plane strain: Strain in one direction = 0 ?y = 0 Relevant to conditions near long foundations, embankments, retaining walls and other long structures. Onedimensional pression: Strain in two directions = 0 ?x = ?y = 0 Relevant to conditions below wide foundations or relatively thin pressible soil layers. Uniaxial pression ?39。x = ?39。y = 0 This is an artifical case which is only possible for soil is there are negative pore water pressures. Mohr circle construction Values of normal stress and shear stress must relate to a particular plane within an element of soil. In general, the stresses on another plane will
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