外文翻譯---對(duì)外投資和發(fā)展國內(nèi)政策和國際投資協(xié)議的作用(已修改)
2025-06-01 09:56 本頁面
【正文】 本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 外 文 翻 譯 原文： Foreign investment and development: the role of domestic policy and international investment agreements All developing countries participate, to greater or lesser degrees, in the global petition for foreign investment. But attracting investment is not the only challenge. Harnessing foreign investment to achieve sustainable development is often even more difficult. What is needed to address these twin challenges varies from one country to the next. This article argues that for most developing countries creating the right domestic policy environment is necessary but, for some countries at least, will not be sufficient to attract investment or ensure that it contributes to development. New kinds of international investment agreements (IIA) that do a better job of promoting more stable investment flows and supporting sustainable development are needed. Foreign direct investment (FDI) flows into developing countries increased significantly in 2020, reaching US$ billion, their highest ever levels. The percentage of global investment inflows going to developing countries in 2020 exceeded their average annual percentage share from 19952020, though their share declined slightly to 29 per cent, down from per cent in 2020, due to even faster rates of increase in investment flows into developed countries. FDI inflows are critically important for growth. Since 1994, FDI has represented the largest ponent of total resource flows into developing countries exceeding inflows from other private sources, such as loans and portfolio investment, and public sources, such as overseas development assistance (ODA). FDI exceeded 51 percent of total resource flows to developing countries in 2020. Unfortunately, this apparently rosy global picture masks significant challenges for developing countries seeking to realize the benefits of FDI. FDI flows to developing countries are unstable and unevenly distributed FDI has been concentrated in a relatively small number of countries, mostly in Asia, including Singapore, India and Malaysia. In many African countries and less developed countries (LDC) around the world, ODA remains the largest source of external finance. Recent investment activity, driven by the search for new resource wealth, has passed some countries by entirely. A closer look at the major regional groupings of developing countries confirms the uneven distribution of foreign investment activity. For example, FDI inflows increased in 2020 in 33 African countries but fell in increased in all regions on the continent except southern Africa, where inflows declined, including in Commonwealth members Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, Zambia and South Africa. Over the past decade the stock of foreign investment, a much more stable measure than investment flows, at least doubled in 3/4 of African Commonwealth countries, but some countries have seen their stocks of foreign investment decline, including Botswana and Zambia. Looking across the globe, similar diversity exists. Some developing countries experienced substantial increases in investment inflows in 2020 and an increase in investment stocks over time. But investment inflows into Oceania declined by 11 per cent in 2020 and the stocks of FDI in the small states in this region have fluctuated widely. The stock of FDI in Fiji has shrunk since 1997, while Tuvalu has experienced a massive increase. As well as being unevenly distributed, FDI flows to developing countries have been highly variable, with significant declines following years of growth in 1984, 1997 and 2020. Thus while increased investment is flowing to developing countries overall, many countries have not been successful in attracting consi
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