外文翻譯---對(duì)外投資和發(fā)展國(guó)內(nèi)政策和國(guó)際投資協(xié)議的作用-文庫(kù)吧
2025-04-17 09:56 本頁(yè)面
【正文】 stent inflows of FDI. Developing country FDI is concentrated in extractive industries While twothirds of FDI worldwide is in services, investment flows into many African countries, including Commonwealth LDC such as Tanzania, Uganda and Gambia, are largely concentrated in extractive industries. In some African countries, including Nigeria, three quarters or more of the stock of FDI is in extractive industries. Despite the service sector orientation of many Caribbean economies, a significant share of inward FDI stock in the region is also in extractive industries. Investment inflows in Oceania are concentrated in the mining sector. Investment in extractive industries tends to be particularly unstable pared with other FDI because it is affected by volatile global modity prices. As well, UNCTAD has found that investment in extractive industries is more difficult for host countries to regulate to ensure patibility with domestic standards and development goals (World Investment Report 2020). Sometimes, foreign investment in extractive industries, which is dominated by transnational corporations (TNC), produces few new jobs and results in environmental degradation and social dislocation while most of the financial returns are captured offshore. FDI unrealized contribution to development In July 2020 the SecretaryGeneral of the United Nations released a report that reviewed the implementation of the 2020 UN Monterrey Consensus on Financing for Development. It concluded that action is needed to encourage larger and more consistent FDI flows to a broader group of developing countries and to ensure that investment activity leads to development. The need is particularly pressing for small economies which have seen growth rates decline pared to larger low and middleine states. Addressing this need means making developing countries more attractive to investors. All investors make decisions about where and when to invest based on their expectations about the future in light of their specific business strategy. Some of the factors relevant to investor decisionmaking are outside the control of governments. A country’s natural resource endowment is an obvious example. Nevertheless, domestic policies in a host country can both improve investors’ expectations regarding the likely returns associated with their investments and enhance the prospect that their expectations will be realized making the country more appealing as an investment destination. In countries as diverse as India, China, Turkey and Indonesia, investment has been facilitated through domestic policy reform to protect property rights, improve transparency of government operations and reduce distortions associated with administrative practices. In Africa, a few countries, including Tanzania and Ghana, have taken similar steps. Developing a strategy for achieving a domestic policy environment that contributes to development as well as attracting investment, however, requires understanding the linkages between investment and development. Factors affecting the development impact of FDI Attracting investment is not an end in itself. To be desirable, investment must contribute positively to development. Studies that have attempted to find a clear link between FDI and development, however, have been inconclusive. There is no doubt that FDI can contribute to economic growth and poverty reduction by supplementing local sources of investment capital and increasing employment and local tax revenues. As well, FDI can have a variety of positive spillovers in terms of improved local productivity and innovation and the transfer of new technologies and production and management techniques. There can also be costs. Domestic
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)相關(guān)推薦
鄂ICP備17016276號(hào)-1