【正文】 中文 4270字 本科畢業(yè)設計 外文文獻及譯文 文獻、資料題目： Transit Route Network Design Problem: Review 文獻、資料來源： 文獻、資料發(fā)表（出版）日期： 院 （部）： xxx 專 業(yè)： xxx 班 級： xxx 姓 名： xxx 學 號： xxx 指導教師： xxx 翻譯日期： xxx 1 外文文獻： Transit Route Network Design Problem: Review K Kepaptsoglou, M Karlaftis Journal of transportation engineering, 135(8), 491–505, 2020 Abstract: Efficient design of public transportation works has attracted much interest in the transport literature and practice, with many models and approaches for formulating the associated transit route work design problem (TRNDP) having been developed. The present paper systematically presents and reviews research on the TRNDP based on the three distinctive parts of the TRNDP setup: design objectives, operating environment parameters and solution approach. Introduction Public transportation is largely considered as a viable option for sustainable transportation in urban areas, offering advantages such as mobility enhancement, traffic congestion and air pollution reduction, and energy conservation while still preserving social equity considerations. Nevertheless, in the past decades, factors such as socioeconomic growth, the need for personalized mobil ity, the increase in private vehicle ownership and urban sprawl have led to a shift towards private vehicles and a decrease in public transportation’s share in daily muting (Sinha 2020。 TRB 2020。 EMTA 2020。 ECMT 2020。 Pucher et al. 2020). Ef forts for encouraging public transportation use focuses on im proving provided services such as line capacity, service frequency, coverage, reliability, fort and service quality which are among the most important parameters for an efficient public transportation system (Sinha 2020。 Vuchic 2020). In this context, planning and designing a cost and service ef ficient public transportation work is necessary for improving its petitiveness and market share. The problem that formally describes the design of such a public transportation work is referred to as the transit route work design problem (TRNDP)。 it focuses on the optimization of a number of objectives repre senting the efficiency of public transportation works under op erational and resource constraints such as the number and length of public transportation routes, allowable service frequencies, and number of available buses (Chakroborty 2020。 Fan and Ma chemehl 2020a,b). The practical importance of designing public transportation works has attracted considerable interest in the research munity which has developed a variety of approaches and models for the TRNDP including different levels of design detail and plexity as well as interesting algorithmic innovations. In this paper we offer a structured review of approaches for the TRNDP。 researchers will obtain a basis for evaluating existing research and identifying future research paths for further improving TRNDP models. Moreover, practitioners will acquire a detailed presenta tion of both the process and potential tools for automating the design of public transportation works, their characteristics, ca pabilities, and strengths. 2 Design of Public Transportation Networks Network design is an important part of the public transportation operational planning process (Ceder 2020). It includes the design of route layouts and the determination of associated operational characteristics such as frequencies, rolling stock types, and so on. As noted by Ceder and Wilson (1986), work design elements are part of the overall operational planning process for public transportation works。 the process includes five steps: (1) de sign of routes。 (2) setting frequencies。 (3) developing timetables。(4) scheduling buses。 and (5) scheduling drivers. Route layout design is guided by passenger flows: routes are established to provide direct or indirect connection between locations and areas that generate and attract demand for transit travel, such as resi dential and activity related centers (Levinson 1992). For example, passenger flows between a central business district (CBD) and suburbs dictate the design of radial routes while demand for trips between different neighborhoods may lead to the selection of a circular route connecting them. Anticipated service coverage, transfers, desirable route shapes, and available resources usually determine the structure of the route work. Route shapes are usually constrained by their length and directness (route direct ness implies that route shapes are as straight as possible between connected points), the usage of given roads, and the overlapping with other transit routes. The desirable oute is a set of routes connecting locations within a service area, conforming to given design criteria. For each route, frequencies and bus types are the operational characteristics typically determined through design. Calculations are based on expected passenger volumes along routes that are estimated empirically or by applying transit assign ment techniques, under fre