【正文】 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）外文資料翻譯 系別： 電氣系 專業(yè)： 電氣工程及其自動(dòng)化 班級： 姓名： 學(xué)號： 外文出處： Atomation Professional English Course （用外文寫） Pressed By Machinery Industry Press 附 件： 外文原文； 外文資料翻譯譯文。 指導(dǎo)教師評語： 簽字： 年 月 日 注：請將該封面與附件裝訂成冊。 外文原文（復(fù)印件） A: Fundamentals of Singlechip Microputer T he s i ngl e chi p mi c r o c o mp ute r i s the c ul mi na ti o n o f b o th the d e v e l op me nt o f the d i gi ta l c o mp ute r a nd the i nte gr a te d c i r c uit a r gua b l y the to w mo s t s i gni fi c a nt i nv e nti o ns o f the 2 0 th c e ntur y [ 1 ] . T he s e to w typ e s o f a r c hi te ctur e a r e fo und i n s i ngl e chi p mi c r o c o mp ute r. S o me e mp l o y the s p l i t p r o gr a m/ d ata me mo r y o f the H a r vard a r c hi te ctur e, s ho w n i n F i g. 3 5A1 , o the r s fo l l o w the p hi l o s o phy, w i d e ly a d a p te d fo r ge ne r a l pur p ose c o mp ute r s a nd mi c r o p r o ces sor s, o f ma ki ng no l o gi c a l d i s tinc tio n b e tw e en p r o gr a m a nd d a ta me mo r y a s i n the P r i nc e to n a r c hi te ctur e, s ho w n i n F i g. 3 5A2. In ge ne r a l te r ms a s i ngl e c hip mi c r o c omp ute r i s c ha r a c te rize d b y the i nc o r p o ra tion o f a l l the uni ts o f a c o mp ute r i nto a s i ngl e d e v i c e, a s s ho w n i n F i g3 5A 3. A Harvard type . A conventional Princeton puter Program memory Data memory CPU Inputamp。 Output unit memory CPU Inputamp。 Output unit Reset Interrupts Power Fig35A3. Principal features of a microputer Read only memory (ROM).R O M i s us ua l l y fo r the p e r ma ne nt, no n v o l a tile s to r age o f a n a p p l i ca tions p r o gr a m . Ma ny mi c r o c o mp ute rs a nd mi c r o c o ntr olle rs a r e i nte nd e d fo r hi gh v o l ume a p p l ic atio ns a nd he nc e the e c o no mi c a l ma nufa c tur e o f the d e v i c es r e q ui res tha t the c o nte n ts o f the p ro gra m me mo r y b e c o mmi tte d per ma ne ntl y d ur i ng the ma nufa c tur e o f c hi ps . C l e a r ly, thi s i mp l i e s a r i go r o us a p p r oa ch to R O M c o d e d e v e l op me nt s i nc e c ha nge s c a nno t b e ma d e a fte r ma nufa c tur e . T hi s d e v e l o pme nt p r o c es s ma y i nv olve e mul a ti o n usi ng a so p his tica ted de vel op me nt s ys te m w i th a har dw are e mul a ti o n c a p a b ility a s w e l l a s the us e o f p o w e rful s o ftw a re to o l s . S o me ma nufa c tur e r s p r o v i d e a d d i tiona l R O M o p ti o ns b y i nc l ud i ng i n the i r r a nge d e v i c es w i th ( o r i nte nd e d fo r us e w i th) us e r p r o gr a mma b l e me mo r y. T he s i mp l e s t o f the s e i s us ua l l y d e v i c e w hi c h c a n o p e r a te i n a mi c r o p r oc ess or mo d e b y us i ng s o me o f the i np ut/ o utp ut l i ne s a s a n a d d r e ss a nd d a ta b us fo r a c c e ss ing e xte r na l me mo r y. T hi s typ e o f d e v i c e c a n b e ha ve func ti o nall y a s the si ngle c hi p mi cro co mp ute r fr o m w hic h i t is deri ve d al bei t w i th r e s tr icte d I/ O a nd a mo d i fi e d e xte r na l c i r c uit. T he us e o f the s e R O Ml e s s d e v i ce s i s c o mmo n e v e n i n p r o d uc ti on c i r c ui ts w he r e the v o l ume d o e s no t j us ti fy the d e v e l op me nt c o s ts o f c us to m o n c hi p R O M[ 2 ] 。the r e c a n sti l l b e a s i gni fi c a nt s a v i ng i n I/ O a nd o the r c hi p s c o mp a r e d to a c o nve ntio nal micr opr oc ess or bas ed cir c ui t. More e xac t re plac e me nt for R O M d e v i c es c a n b e o b ta i ne d i n the fo r m o f v a r i a nts w i th 39。 p i ggy b a c k39。 External Timing ponents System clock Timer/ Counter Serial I/O Prarallel I/O RAM ROM CPU E P R O M( E r a sab le p r o gr a mma b l e R O M ) s o c ke ts o r d e v i ce s w i th E P R O M i ns te a d o f R O M 。 T he s e d e v i ce s a r e na tur a l l y mo r e e xp e ns i v e tha n e q ui v a le nt R O M d e v i c e, b ut d o p r o v i d e c o mp l e te c i r cui t e q ui v a lents . E P R O M b a s e d d e v i ce s a r e a l s o e xtr e me l y a ttr a c ti ve fo r l o w v olume a p p l ic atio ns w he r e the y p r o v i de the a d v a nta ge s o f a s i ngl e chip d e v i ce , i n te r ms o f o n c hi p I/ O , e tc . , w i th the c o nv e ni e nc e o f fl e xi b le us e r p r o gr a mma b i lity. Random access memory (RAM).R A M i s fo r the s to r a ge o f w o r ki ng v a r i ab les a nd d a ta us e d d ur i ng p r o gr a m e xe c uti o n. T he s i ze o f thi s me mo r y v a r i es w i th d e v i c e typ e b ut i t ha s the s a me c ha r a c teris tic w i d th ( 4 , 8 , 1 6 b i ts e tc . ) a s the p r o c es sor , S p e ci al func ti o n r e gi s ters , s uc h a s s ta c k p o i nte r o r ti me r r e gi s te r a r e o fte n l o gi c a lly i nc o r p o rate d i nto the R A M a r e a . It i s a l s o c o mmo n i n H a r a r d typ e mi c r o c o mp ute r s to tr e a t the R A M a r e a a s a c o l l ec tion o f r e gi s te r。 i t