【正文】 最新英語專題匯編閱讀理解(一)一、高中英語閱讀理解1．閱讀理解 When was the last time you used plastic plates? Next time, why not try some edible ones? You39。ll help the environment and your guests won39。t go hungry. I used to work in school catering and saw a lot of money being thrown away. I thought that was criminal, so I decided to do something about it, said Italian school chef Tiziano Vicentini. Now, Vicentini has an amazing range of edible plates for schools. The plates are made out of bread dough, so you can eat them afterwards. These dishes cost a few pennies each and are either eaten by the kids, or go into recycling bins for animal food, explained Vicentini, 50, of Milan. But now other panies are developing edible plates, too. The EdiblePlate Company offers edible plates, bowls, trays and cups. Their products are environmentallyfriendly, 100% biodegradable and can be used for all types of catering and home use. And they39。re made from a natural plant. After use, they can be fed to animals or left to degrade naturally. They also have a range of cutlery（餐具） made from corn and potato starch（淀粉）. These plates will also help reduce the amount of plastic。 we create. Waste from plastic causes a lot of damage to the environment, as well as costing governments millions m waste management. Plastic bags often end up in landfill sites or on the street. And the burning of plastic waste causes toxic gases that pollute the air. In response to this, governments around the world are introducing tough recycling regulations. And many shops are offering biodegradable plastic bags and ecosafe packaging on their products. To help matters, the International Organization for Standardization (the ISO) has also developed a system to evaluate the biodegradability of products, with a certification and logo scheme, Meanwhile, how about a nice plate for lunch?（1）Which of the following is not the advantage of edible plates? A.They are expensive.B.They can degrade naturally.C.They are environmentallyfriendly.D.They are made from natural plant.（2）Which of the following statements is true? A.Tiziano is from Germany.B.Edible plates are only used for school catering.C.Corn and potato starch can be used to make cutlery.D.The Edible Plate Company doesn39。t produce edible bowls.（3）What does the underlined word this refer to? A.The air pollution.B.The edible cutlery.C.The toxic gases caused by the burning of plastic.D.The damage to the environment caused by plastic waste.（4）What is the main idea of this passage? A.The measures to stop the pollution.B.The ways to reduce the plastic waste.C.How to make edible plates from natural plants. .D.The plate solution to eating and environmental problem.【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）D（4）D 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了飲食和環(huán)境的問題，并且提出了相應(yīng)的解決方法。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“Their products are environmentallyfriendly, 100% biodegradable and can be used for all types of catering and home use. And they39。re made from a natural plant. After use, they can be fed to animals or left to degrade naturally.”可知，“昂貴”不是edible plates的優(yōu)勢。故選A。（2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“They also have a range of cutlery（餐具） made from corn and potato starch（淀粉）．”可知，玉米和馬鈴薯淀粉可用于制作餐具。故選C。（3）考查代詞指代。根據(jù)第三段中的“Waste from plastic causes a lot of damage to the environment, as well as costing governments millions m waste management. Plastic bags often end up in landfill sites or on the street. And the burning of plastic waste causes toxic gases that pollute the air. In response to this, governments around the world are introducing tough recycling regulations.” 塑料垃圾對環(huán)境造成了很大的破壞，同時也給政府帶來了數(shù)百萬的垃圾管理。塑料袋經(jīng)常會出現(xiàn)在垃圾填埋場或街道上。而燃燒的塑料垃圾會導(dǎo)致有毒氣體污染空氣。作為對此的回應(yīng)，世界各國政府正在出臺嚴格的回收法規(guī)。由此可知this指的是“塑料垃圾對環(huán)境造成的破壞。”故選D。（4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段中的“When was the last time you used plastic plates? Next time, why not try some edible ones? You39。ll help the environment and your guests won39。t go hungry.可知，本文講述的是飲食和環(huán)境問題的解決方案。故選D。【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，推理判斷，代詞指代和主旨大意四個題型的考查，是一篇科普類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細節(jié)信息，同時根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，概括歸納，從而選出正確答案。2．閱讀理解 A new study shows that air pollution can cause a huge reduction in our intelligence. The study was a project involving researchers at Peking University in China and Yale University in the United States. The researchers reported that longterm exposure to air pollution can affect a person39。s mental abilities in two areas: Language and math. The researchers studied about 25,000 people from across China. Between 2010 and 2014, these Chinese men, women and children were given language and math tests. Then researchers pared the test results with measurements of pollution in the air, namely nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide (二氧化硫). Xi Chen of the Yale School of Public Health led the study. He and his team found that breathing polluted air can reduce a person39。s education level by about one year. Chen said that the effect generally is worse for those over 64 years of age, for men and for those with little or no education. “The older persons—they are more affected. And we find, quite amazingly, males are more affected than females. And people working outdoors are more affected than people working indoors. He noted that the youngest people in the study were 10 years old, while the oldest was 90 years old. They came from China39。s 33 provinces. In his words, the data and facts are convincing and this range of ages and locations across the country provided a real, objective and representative sample. The researchers noted that the effect of air pollution on verbal ability is even more serious as people age, especially among men and the less educated. The researchers also stressed that every country, whether developed, developing or poor, should focus on air pollution or humans will face a bad s