【正文】 【英語(yǔ)】高一英語(yǔ)閱讀理解(科普環(huán)保)提高訓(xùn)練含解析一、高中英語(yǔ)閱讀理解科普環(huán)保類(lèi)1．犇犇閱讀下面文章，然后從題中所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出每個(gè)問(wèn)題的最佳選項(xiàng)。 My two and fouryearold boys love to win, whether they39。re racing their bikes down the sidewalk or just finishing their snacks. It39。s true that those with high status, from world leaders and prize winners to athletes and movie stars, are people we like and respect. A recent study published in Nature Human Behaviour showed that we seem to have an innate (天生的) preference for highranking peoples—but only if those people aren39。t hurtful toward others. Researchers showed toddlers (aged 21 to 31 months) a scene where two puppets (木偶) approached one another from opposite sides of a stage and one bowed to let the other pass first. Asked which puppet they liked better, 18 of the 21 toddlers in the experiment reached for the puppet who had been allowed to pass. Because respect from others is a marker of status, this suggests that children have a preference for those with a higher status—even before age three. However, the results were quite different when two puppets approached one another and one used force to knock the other down before continuing to the other side. In this case, 18 of the 21 toddlers reached for the one who was knocked down. As the researchers concluded, When approaching others, very young children care not only who wins, but also how. The previous experiment has shown that toddlers know about social status, but this experiment went one step further by proving they have an obvious preference for high status. Since the participants were so young, this might even be an innate human preference. In a word, this new research suggests that young children appreciate people who do well while at the same time doing good to others. So, when my fouryearold thinks that he has to get his shoes on first, I39。ll keep reminding him that helping his brother so they both finish faster is what winning is all about.（1）What do we tend to do according to the first paragraph? challenges all the time. highranking people. advantage of high status. others with offensive words.（2）Why did toddlers prefer the puppet allowed to pass? looked adorable. behaved smartly. seemed polite. was respected.（3）What can we infer from the latter study? people are better loved by toddlers. naturally dislike unkind behavior. care little about high social status. helpful contributes to being supported.（4）What should we do when we encourage children to win? them to use proper and creative ways. them to be as hardworking as possible. them to be considerate to other people. them to try to cooperate with someone else.【答案】 （1）B（2）D（3）B（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了人們更傾向于喜歡和尊敬地位高而又無(wú)害于他人的人，這似乎是一種天性，即使是蹣跚學(xué)步的孩子也是如此。 （1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“A recent study published in Nature Human Behaviour showed that we seem to have an innate（天生的）preference for highranking peoples—but only if those people aren39。t hurtful toward others.”可知，我們更傾向于敬佩那些地位高的人。故選B。 （2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Asked which puppet they liked better, 18 of the 21 toddlers in the experiment reached for the puppet who had been allowed to pass. Because respect from others is a marker of status, this suggests that children have a preference for those with a higher status—even before age three.”可知，蹣跚學(xué)步的孩子喜歡那個(gè)被允許通過(guò)的木偶，是因?yàn)檫@種行為代表著受人尊敬，孩子們更喜歡受尊敬的人。故選D。 （3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“In this case, 18 of the 21 toddlers reached for the one who was knocked the participants were so young, this might even be an innate human preference.”可知，孩子們會(huì)走向被撞倒的人，而由于孩子太小，甚至可能是人類(lèi)與生俱來(lái)的偏好。由此可推斷出，人們天生不喜歡不友善的行為。故選B。 （4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“In a word, this new research suggests that young children appreciate people who do well while at the same time doing good to others.”可知，孩子欣賞那些在做好事的同時(shí)表現(xiàn)出色的人。由此可推斷出，我們鼓勵(lì)孩子去贏的同時(shí)，提醒他們要體諒他人。故選C。 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科教類(lèi)閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。2．犇犇閱讀理解 In areas like the Central United States that get lots of tornadoes, there39。s a mon piece of celestial （天上的）fortunetelling that green skies mean a tornado is on its way. Research has shown that it isn39。t quite as simple as that, but scientists have found that if you see a green sky, you should probably go inside. As far as most scientists can tell, the green skies around powerful thunderstorms are usually a bination of red sunsets and water droplets. Daytime skies are blue because blue shorter wavelengths of visible light tend to bounce off （反射）air molecules better than red longer wavelength light. So the blue light gets bounced all over the sky and looks like it39。s ing from everywhere. Meanwhile, around sunset sunlight travels through so much atmosphere that just about all the blue is bounced away from the horizon, leaving all those reds and oranges behind. The sunset might look exclusively （獨(dú)有的）red and orange, but there39。s still some green and even blue light hidden in there, just far less than the other colors. But for us to notice the remaining green light, it needs to hit something that reflects green light much better than red. That39。s where water es in. Big tall threatening storm clouds are made of water droplets, and even though water is best at reflecting blue light, it can still reflect green pretty well, much better than reds and oranges, so under just the right conditions, the water in and around a cloud can bounce the green light hidden in the sunset right into our eyes making the sky look green. Still, none of the conditions that can turn skies green are unique to the clouds that produce tornadoes. Sometimes they just lead to lots of rain, and maybe some hail. So if you see huge storm clouds rolling in and a green tint （色調(diào)）in the sky, it doesn39。t necessarily mean there39。s about to be a tornado, but it does mean you should probably head indoors.（1）What can be the best title for the text? A.Why Do the Central United States Get TornadoesB.Do Green Skies Mean a Coming TornadoC.A Common Piece of Celestial FortunetellingD.Green Skies Are Unique to Clouds（2）Why are the skies blue in the daytime? A.Because only blue light can be bounced in the daytime.B.Because there is more blue light than light of other colors.C.Because blue light is bounced all over the sky.D.Because red light is weaker than blue light.（3）What does the underlined word it in parag