【正文】 （英語）高一英語閱讀理解(科普環(huán)保)各地方試卷集合匯編含解析一、高中英語閱讀理解科普環(huán)保類1．犇犇閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 Why does time seem to fly by faster as we get old? You39。ve got your aging brain to blame. This is likely due largely to the physical changes of our nerves and neurons (神經(jīng)元). New research suggests 39。rapid fire39。 abilities of the young brain allow us to process more information during youth, causing the days to seem longer earlier in life. However, as we get old, researchers say the older brain takes more time to process information. The new finding put forward by a Duke University researcher was published in a paper in the journal European Review this week According to Adrian Bejan, the J. A Jones Professor of Mechanical Engineering at Duke, the physical changes of our nerves and neurons play, a major role in our perception (知覺) of time as we get old. Over the years these structures bee more plex and eventually begin to degrade. Little babies, for example, move their eyes much more often than adults because they39。re processing images at a faster rate, Beian says, For older people, this means fewer images are being processed in the same amount of time, causing experiences to seem as though they39。re happening more quickly.（1）What causes time to fly faster as we get old? A.Changes of our nerves and neurons.B.Information in our brain.C.The electrical signals.D.Rapid fire abilities.（2）What is unavoidable in the process of getting old? A.Longer days.B.Aging brains.C.More images.D.Less experience.（3）Why do the days seem longer earlier in life? A.Young people are more energetic in their life.B.The younger brain takes less time to process information.C.Old people have fewer things to do than young people.D.Little babies move their eyes much more often.（4）What is the best title of the text? A.Nerves and NeuronsB.Time Flies FastC.The Older, the FasterD.The Function of the Brain【答案】 （1）A（2）B（3）B（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了為什么老年人會(huì)覺得時(shí)間過得較快，主要原因是隨著年齡的增長，大腦中神經(jīng)元的變化讓老年人的大腦需要更多的時(shí)間來處理接收到的信息，這樣就會(huì)讓他們覺得時(shí)間過得較快。 （1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的 This is likely due largely to the physical changes of our nerves and neurons (神經(jīng)元).可知，老年人覺得時(shí)間過得過快的原因是神經(jīng)和神經(jīng)元的變化。故選A。 （2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的You39。ve got your aging brain to blame.和第二段中的Over the years, these structures bee more plex and eventually begin to degrade.可知，隨著年齡的增長，不可避免的就是大腦結(jié)構(gòu)的老化。故選B。 （3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的最后兩句可知，年輕時(shí)之所以覺得日子似乎更長是因?yàn)榇竽X能夠以“快速射擊”的方式處理更多信息。當(dāng)我們變老的時(shí)候，大腦需要更多的時(shí)間來處理信息。所以說，相較于老年人，年輕人的大腦花費(fèi)更少的時(shí)間來處理信息。故選B。 （4）考查主旨大意。文章首句點(diǎn)明了文章談?wù)撝行模簽槭裁措S著我們變老，我們會(huì)覺得時(shí)間過得更快？后面文章主要解釋了原因：老年人因?yàn)榇竽X退化，神經(jīng)元的變化導(dǎo)致他們覺得時(shí)間過得較快。C項(xiàng)正好與主旨句呼應(yīng)，故選C。 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，概括歸納，從而選出正確答案。2．犇犇Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. Escaping predators (食肉動(dòng)物), digestion and other animal activities—including those of humans—require oxygen. But that essential ingredient is no longer so easy for marine life to obtain, several new studies reveal. In the past decade ocean oxygen levels have taken a dive—an alarming trend that is linked to climate change, says Andreas Oschlies, an oceanographer at the Helmholtz Center for Ocean Research in Germany, whose team tracks ocean oxygen levels worldwide. We were surprised by the intensity of the changes we saw, how rapidly oxygen is going down in the ocean and how large the effects on marine ecosystems are, he says. It is no surprise to scientists that warming oceans are losing oxygen, but the scale of the drop calls for urgent attention. Oxygen levels in some tropical (熱帶的) regions have dropped by an astonishing 40 percent in the last 50 years, some recent studies reveal. Levels have dropped less significantly elsewhere, with an average loss of 2 percent globally. A warming ocean loses oxygen for two reasons: First, the warmer a liquid bees, the less gas it can hold. That is why carbonated drinks go flat faster when left in the sun. Second, as polar sea ice melts, it forms a layer of water above colder, more salty sea waters. This process creates a sort of lid that can keep currents from mixing surface water down to deeper depths. And because all oxygen enters the surface, less mixing means less of it at depth. Ocean animals large and small, however, respond to even slight changes in oxygen by seeking refuge in higher oxygen zones or by adjusting behavior, Oschlies and others in his field have found. These adjustments can expose animals to new predators or force them into foodscarce regions. Climate change already poses serious problems for marine life, such as ocean acidification, but deoxygenation is the most pressing issue facing sea animals today, Oschlies says. After all, he says, they all have to breathe. Aside from food web problems, animals face various other physiological challenges as their bodies adjust to lower oxygen levels. Chinese shrimp (蝦) move their tails less vigorously to preserve energy in lower oxygen environments. Some creatures, such as jellyfishes, are more tolerant of low oxygen than others are. But all animals will feel the impact of deoxygenation because they all have evolved their oxygen capacity for a reason, says Oschlies. Any drop in oxygen is going to damage survivability and performance, he says.（1）According to the first two paragraphs, what worries scientists the most? A.The worsening deoxygenation in the warming ocean.B.The survival of predators and various marine animals.C.The alarmingly changeable oxygen levels in the ocean.D.The lack of attention to the warming of tropical oceans.（2）Which of the following is a reason for the oxygen loss in the ocean? A.Polar ice melting consumes much oxygen in the ocean.B.Global warming reduces the amount of oxygen in the air.C.The surface polar ice water prevents oxygen going down.D.Salty water holds less gas in the increasingly warmer ocean.（3）What can be inferred from the passage? A.Ocean deoxygenation changes some animals39。 natural territories.B.Ocean acidif