【正文】 這種題目應(yīng)該是 ETS 比較喜歡出的類型，只是大多見(jiàn)于削弱：比如說(shuō)一個(gè)試驗(yàn)結(jié)果是，參加了某某某培訓(xùn)的孩子比別的孩子聰明表現(xiàn) 好，結(jié)論是，這種類型的培訓(xùn)能夠提高孩子的智力，改善他們的表現(xiàn)。要求削弱，答案就是：這群參加試驗(yàn)的孩子本身就比別人聰明。這道題目不是一樣嘛，如果這些犯人本身就比別的犯人犯罪率低，那讀書(shū)對(duì)他們出去后的犯罪率的影響就不可評(píng)估了啊。 This is an interesting question. To effectively solve CR, one must to analyze an argument39。s line of reasoning(LoR). Actually there are two arguments here, that of the governor?s and that of the passage author?s. LoR of the governor: deny college course make prison harsher reduce crime rate. LoR of the author: inmates who take courses will mit fewer crimes after release denying them course will lead to more crimes by them after release governor39。s action won39。t reduce crime rate. Since the question ask for assumption of the author?s argument, only the author?s LoR is relevant. Now let39。s look at A, which says Not being able to ... is unlikely to deter anyone from a crime ... (不能讀書(shū)不會(huì) deter任何人 ) You probably can already tell that this is not relevant to the author39。s LoR (although it39。s relevant to governor39。s LoR). So, choice A is not relevant. You don?t even needs to try deny test here. Now let?s look at C. C says ...inmates who chose to take courses were not already less likely ... to mit crimes after being released. Deny C, we get ...inmates who chose to take collegelevel courses were already less likely... to mit crimes after being released. In other words, denying them course will not lead to more crimes by them after release. This directly contradicts the author?s LoR and cause the argument to fall apart. So, C is a necessary assumption of the author. GWD3Q40: Two centuries ago, Tufe Peninsula became separated from the mainland, isolating on the newly formed Tufe Island a population of Turfil sunflowers. This population?s descendants grow to be, on average, 40 centimeters shorter than Turfil sunflowers found on the mainland. Tufe Island is significantly drier than Tufe Peninsula was. So the current average height of Tufe?s Turfil sunflowers is undoubtedly at least partially attributable to changes in Tufe?s environmental conditions（最后一句話是指 T島嶼的） . 兩百年前 T 半島從大陸分離出來(lái)形 成了 T小島 島上的 T 比大陸的 T短，島上比大陸干燥。 結(jié)論，島上的 T短的部分原因是環(huán)境因素。 Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends? There are no types of vegetation on Tufe Island that are known to benefit from dry conditions. There were about as many Turfil sunflowers on Tufe Peninsula two centuries ago as there are on Tufe Island The mainland?s environment has not changed in ways that have resulted in Turfil sunflowers on the mainland growing to be 40 centimeters taller than they did two centuries 。假 設(shè)取非驗(yàn)證 The soil on Tufe Island, unlike that on the mainland, lacks important nutrients that help Turfil sunflowers survive and grow tall in a dry The 40centimeter height difference between the Turfil sunflowers on Tufe Island and those on the mainland is the only difference between the two populations.[C]那又怎樣，有其他不同能削弱文章嘛？ GWD5Q3: The average hourly wage of television assemblers in Vernland has long been significantly lower than that in neighboring Borodia. Since Borodia dropped all tariffs on Vernlandian televisions three years ago, the number of televisions sold annually in Borodia has not changed. However, recent statistics show a droip in the number of television assemblers in Borodia. Therefore, updated trade statistics will probably indicate that the number of televisions Borodia imports annually from Vernland has increased. V的電視機(jī)組裝工人的小時(shí)工資小于 B的 B不再對(duì) V征關(guān)稅， B的電視機(jī)銷量沒(méi)有改變。 SUM不變 但是，現(xiàn)在 B電視機(jī)組裝的工人人數(shù)下降。 N下降 SUM中非進(jìn)口部分下降 所以推測(cè) B從 V進(jìn)口的電視機(jī)數(shù)量在上升。要使 SUM總數(shù)不變，進(jìn)口部分上升 Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends? The number of television assemblers in Vernland has increased by at least as much as the number of television assemblers in Borodia has decreased. 工人人數(shù)的比較。 Televisions assembled in Vernland have features that televisions assembled in Borodia do not have. The average number of hours it takes a Borodian television assembler to assemble a television has not decreased significantly during the past three years. The number of televisions assembled annually in Vernland has increased significantly during the past three years. The difference between the hourly wage of television assemblers in Vernland and the hourly wage of television assemblers in Borodia is likely to decrease in the next few years.[C] C is the assumption. C states that the time of a B assembler to assemble a TV hasn39。t drop, we know, sum= N(assemebler) * working hour / T ( time needed to assemble a TV). To be symplified, sum=N*H/ T, if T drop, even N drop, then sum will probably not drop. C declares that T hasn39。t drop. GWD5Q21: In Teruvia, the quantity of rice produced per year is currently just large enough to satisfy domestic demand. Teruvia?s total rice acreage will not be expanded in the foreseeable future, nor will rice yields per acre increase appreciably. Teruvia?s population, however, will be increasing significantly for years to e. Clearly, therefore, Teruvia will soon have to begin importing rice. T 的大米生產(chǎn)正好自給自足。 前提，總種植面積和平均產(chǎn)量都不變。（ average*數(shù)量 =總量） 人口增加 必須進(jìn)口大米。人口 *需求 =大米總銷售 Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends? No pronounced trend of decreasing per capita demand for rice is imminent in Not all of the acreage in Teruvia currently planted with rice is well suited to the cultivation of rice. None of the strains of rice grown in Teruvia are exceptionally highyielding. There are no populated regions in Teruvia in which the population will not increase. There are no major crops other than rice for which domestic production and domestic demand are currently in balance in Teruvia.[A] C不對(duì) If you think C is correct, you might have misunderstood C. Here it does not matter whether the