【正文】 the different categories of humor in Friends，and discussed the features of I apply these strategies to the subtitling of Friends featuring humorous five draws some conclusions that translators should try to find appropriate strategies to convey the humorous effect and make the crosscultural munication hope the paper can provide some insightful opinions for the improvement of humor translation in American , due to limited time and resources, the paper may have some deficiency, and there is still a long way to go..I’m looking forward to your sincere ments and ’s you.第四篇：英語專業(yè)論文翻譯A smart copper(II)responsive binucleargadolinium(III)plexbased magnetic resonanceimaging contrast agent?Yanmeng Xiao,ab Guiyan Zhao,ab Xinxiu Fang,ab Yongxia Zhao,ab Guanhua Wang,c Wei Yang*a and Jingwei Xu*a A novel GdDO3Atype bismacrocyclic plex, [Gd2(DO3A)2BMPNA], with a Cu2+selective binding unitwas synthesized as a potential “smart” copper(II)responsive magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)contrast relaxivity of the plex was modulated by the presence or absence of Cu2+。in the absence of Cu2+, the plex exhibited a relatively low relaxivity value( mM1 s1), while the addition of Cu2+ triggered an approximately 76% enhancement in relaxivity( mM1 s1).Moreover, this Cu2+responsive contrast agent was highly selective in its response to Cu2+ over other biologicallyrelevant metal influence of some mon biological anions on the Cu2+responsive contrast agent and the luminescence lifetime of the plex were also results of the luminescence lifetime measurements indicated that the enhancement in relaxivity was mainly ascribed to the increased number of innersphere water molecules binding to the paramagnetic Gd3+ core upon the addition of Cu2+.In addition, the visual change associated with the significantly enhanced relaxivity due to the addition of Cu2+ was observed from T1weighted phantom Copper(II)ion is a vital metal nutrient for the metabolism of life and plays a critical role in various biological ,2 Its homeostasis is critical for the metabolism and development of living ,4 On the other hand, the disruption of its homeostasis may lead to a variety of physical diseases and neurological problems such as Alzheimer39。s disease,5 Menkes and Wilson39。s disease,6 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,7,8 and prion ,10 Therefore, the assessment and understanding of the distribution of biological copper in living systems by noninvasive imaging is crucial to provide more insight into copper homeostasis and better understand the relationship between copper regulation and its physiological wide variety of organic uorescent dyes have been exploited for the optical detection of ions in the last few –13However, optical imaging using organic uorescent dyes hasseveral limitations such as photobleaching, light scattering,limited penetration, low spatial resolution and the disturbance of auto By parison, magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)is an increasingly accessible technique used as a noninvasive clinical diagnostic modality for medical diagnosis and biomedical It can provide high spatial resolution threedimensional anatomical images with information about physiological signals and biochemical As a powerful diagnostic imaging tool in medicine, MRI can distinguish normal tissue from diseased tissue and lesions in a noninvasive manner,17–19 which avoids diagnostic thoracotomy or laparotomy surgery for medical diagnoses and greatly improves the diagnostic MRI imaging parameters can provide a wealth of diagnostic addition, the desired crosssection for acquiring multiangle and multiplanar images of various parts of the entire body can be freely chosen by adjusting the MRI magnetic eld。this ability makes medical diagnostics and studies of the body39。s metabolism and function more and more effective and agents are often used in MRI examinations to improve the resolution and sensitivity。the image quality can be signicantly improved by applying contrast agents which enhance the MRI signal intensity by increasing the relaxation rates of the surrounding water Due to the high magnetic moment(seven unpaired electrons)and slow electronic relaxation of theparamagnetic gadolinium(III)ion, gadolinium(III)based MRI contrast agents are monly employed to increase the relaxation rate of the surrounding water ,21 However, most of these contrast agents are nonspecific and provide only anatomical the basis of Solomon–Bloembergen–Morgan theory,22–24 several parameters can be manipulated to alter the relaxivity of gadolinium(III)based MRI contrast parameters include the number of coordinated water molecules(q), the rotational correlation time(sR)and the residence lifetime of coordinated water molecules bound to the paramagnetic Gd3+ center(sM).Adjusting any of these three factors provides the opportunity to design “smart” MRI contrast agents for specific biochemical –27 In recent years, there have been many studies on the development of responsive gadolinium(III)based MRI contrast agents。most of them have focused on the development of targeted, high relaxivity and bioactivated contrast responsive gadolinium(III)based MRI contrast agents can be modulated by particular in vivo stimuli including pH,28–35 metal ion concentration36–43 and enzyme –50 Notably, a number of copperresponsive MRI contrast agents have been reported to detect uctuations of copper ions in –58 These activated contrast agents exploit the modulation of the number of coordinated water molecules to generate distinct enhancements in longitudinal relaxivity in response to copper ions(Cu+ or Cu2+).In this study, we designed and synthesized a binuclear gadoliniumbased MRI contrast agent, [Gd2(DO3A)2BMPNA], that is specically responsive to Cu2+ over other biologicallyrelevant metal new copperresponsive MRI contrast agent prises two GdDO3A cores connected by a 2,6bis(3methyl1Hpyrazol1yl)isonicotinic acid scaffold59,60(BMPNA), which functions as a receptor for copperinduced