【正文】 for/by/from/through lack of…由于?不足,缺乏have no lack of不缺damage的常用短語do damage/harm to 對??有害cause damage to 對??造成損害ask for damage要求賠償die of 與die from 的區(qū)別die of 表示“死于??病”或凍死、氣死，或死于過度悲傷。die of cancer/grief/hunger/anger/colddie from表示死于外傷、事故、勞累過度。如：die from polluted air/overwork/sword thrust die常用短語die for one’s country為國捐軀die down熄滅、平息die off絕種、枯死die away消逝、靜下來die a heroic death英勇犧牲threaten常用短語threaten ??威脅某人threaten to do?威脅做??under the threat of?在??的威脅下speed常用短語speed up加速at the speed of?以?..的速度with great speed迅速 aim常用短語take aim at瞄準reach an aim達到目的 aim at瞄準、針對permit與allow 的區(qū)別表“允許做某事”或“允許某人做某事”用法基本相同。permit/allow doing 一般在獨立主格結構中表示“時間、條件等許可”，多用permitTime/Weather permitting, I’ll drop in on 還可以表示“承認”、“考慮到”。例如： allow him to be take an hour to go there, allowing for traffic by means of通過?.., 靠??by this means/ in this way用這種方法by no means/in no case決不by all means用一切辦法keep常用短語keep up with緊跟?..keep keep doing ?..做??keep off the grass勿踏草地keep to the point緊扣主題keep in touch with與??保持聯(lián)系mark常用短語make one’s mark成功、出名be marked with標明gain/get full marks for ??得滿分seat常用短語take one’s seat坐下have a seat請坐see/find ?.be seated就座, 坐著seat oneself in/at/on使自己坐在??部分 動詞+ to + doing 的用法look forward toget down toobject todevote… to…pay attention toprefer…to…give常用短語give up放棄give in讓步屈服give off 散發(fā)出give away贈送、泄漏give rise to 引起??give out 疲勞、用完、散發(fā)出fit常用短語be fit for適合keep fit/keep healthy保持健康be fit to do 適合于?..fit in with適應??a nice fit合身的衣服?fit ?..合身reach 常用短語reach an agreement達成協(xié)議reach for?伸手去拿/夠??within / out of reach夠得到/夠不著reach sb’s understanding 使某人明白feed常用短語feed sb/feed ??喂養(yǎng)??be fed up of…/ be tired of…/ be bored with…對??感到厭倦feed on以??為食mercy常用短語without mercy殘忍地have mercy on /upon 對??表示憐憫at the mercy of任憑擺布beg for mercy 乞求饒恕exist常用短語exist in/lie in/consist in存在于??in existence 現(xiàn)存的e into existence/ e into being 形成opinion常用短語in one’s opinion =in the opinion of have a high/ low opinion of對??評價高/低give one’s opinion on對??談自己的看法 persuade常用短語persuade do =persuade doing說服某人做某事try to persuade do試圖說服某人做某事persuade engage 常用短語be engaged to be engaged in sth.=be engaged doing ??, 從事某事wide 與broad 的區(qū)別它們均可以表“寬”和“廣闊的”a river 50 feet wide/ broad指身體部位“寬肩、寬背”一般用broad, 表示“睜大眼睛、張大嘴巴”一般用wide。broad shoulders/ backwith wide eyesopen one’s mouth widewide 還可以作副詞，表示“完全、大大地”be wide awakebe wide opensure常用短語be sure of/about對??由把握be sure to do ??make sure + thatclause務必??,一定要??make sure of…弄清楚??experience 常用短語have experience in…在??有經驗be experienced in…在??有經驗 pain 常用短語take great pains to do努力做某事spare no pains to do全力以赴做某事stick 常用短語stick to ??stick …on…粘貼??be stuck in …陷進??stick no bills請勿張貼spare 常用短語spare money/time for省出錢?，騰出時間in one’s spare time在某人業(yè)余時間spare no efforts to do不遺余力去做don’t spare the opinions不要保留意見 put down的不同含義put down(one’s knife and fork)放下??pit down the rebellion鎮(zhèn)壓put down what 記下，寫下take up 的不同含義take up a hobby培養(yǎng)??take up football開始??take up the work繼續(xù)??take up…time/space消耗,占據(jù)??take up a post就職take up a song/ cry跟著一起??habit 常用短語form/get the habit of養(yǎng)成??習慣be in/have the habit of有??.習慣get into the habit of沾染了??惡習get rid of the habit=grow out of the habit=break away from the habit改掉了??習慣二、按小詞（介詞、副詞）記憶l．動詞+aboutspeak／talk about談論think about思考care about關心，對……有興趣bring about引起，使發(fā)生set about著手，開始e about發(fā)生h ear about聽說worry about為……擔心2．動詞+awaythrow away扔掉blow away吹走carry away拿走，使入迷clear away清除掉，消散die away逐漸消失,減弱pass away去世wash away沖走take away拿走，使消失put away收拾起來，存起來give away背棄，泄漏，贈送wear away磨掉，消耗break away擺脫send away讓走開turn away把……打發(fā)走3．動詞+backkeep back隱瞞，忍住look back(on)回顧hold back控制住give back歸還call back回電話take back拿回，收回4．動詞+forrun for競選ask for要求得到wait for等候stand for代表，表示long for渴望care for關心，喜歡search for查找call for需要，要求change…for用……換apply for申請seek for尋找5．動詞+downburn down燒毀take down記下，記錄cut down削減，砍倒pass down傳下來calm down平靜下來settle down安家tear down拆毀，拆除6．動詞+ate at向……襲擊run at沖向，向……攻擊tear at用力撕stare at凝視glance at匆匆一瞥hope/wish for希望得到beg for乞求 look for尋找 hunt for尋找charge…for收費，要價take…for誤以為……是e for來拿，來取break down壞了，垮了，分解turn down調小，拒絕slow down慢下來put down記下，寫下，鎮(zhèn)壓bring down使……降低，使倒下e down下落，傳下shout at沖(某人)嚷嚷work at干……活動(研究)look at看，注視glare at怒視laugh at嘲笑knock at敲(門、窗等)point at指向smile at沖(某人)笑strike at向……打擊aim at向……瞄準shoot at向……射擊wonder at驚訝call at拜訪(地點)7．動詞+fromdiffer from 與……不同suffer from受……苦hear from收到……來信die from因……而死keep／stop／prevent…from不讓……做learn from向……學習result from由于date from始于……時期separate…from把……分離開8．動詞+ofthink of 想到dream of 夢到consist of 由……組成 speak of 談到approve of 贊成 die of 死于talk of 談到hear of 聽說plain of 抱怨bee of 發(fā)生……情況，怎么啦9．動詞+offstart off出發(fā)set off出發(fā)leave off中斷show off 炫耀get off下車take off 脫下，起飛see off送行ring off 掛斷電話put off延期，推遲e off 脫落，褪色cut off切斷，斷絕fall off跌落，掉下keep off避開，勿走近go off 走開；消失；壞了,爆炸，不喜歡knock…off把……撞落break off打斷pay off還清carry off 攜走帶走，贏得get off脫下(衣服等)give off 散發(fā)出turn(switch)off關掉10．動詞+ondepend on依靠rely on依靠insist on堅持carry on 繼續(xù)，進行keep／go on繼續(xù)spend…on 在……花錢put on 穿上，戴上，上演call on拜訪move on 繼續(xù)移動，往前走feed on 以……為生take on 雇用，呈現(xiàn)(新面貌等)have on穿著look on旁觀11．動詞+outbreak out 爆發(fā)pick out 選出burst out 進發(fā)carry out 執(zhí)行，進行hold out 堅持下去wear out 穿破，使??疲勞make out 理解，看清楚cross out 劃掉keep out(of)使不進入，擋住find out 查出，弄明白try out 試用，試驗put out 撲滅hand out 散發(fā)run out 用完let out 泄漏，發(fā)出(聲音)，出租live on