【正文】 統(tǒng)一定論，學(xué)者柏德遜認(rèn)為以____作為終極目標(biāo)最為正確。() ，____初步嘗試將一種新的心理治療方法具體化，被稱為“非直示式咨詢”。到1951年，他出版了一本書《當(dāng)事人中心治療法》，才正式定名為“當(dāng)事人中心治療法”。() ，____是人最高層面的性格，它是人的道德法則，它主要關(guān)注的是行動的好壞對錯，依據(jù)社會的道德觀念，在潛意識層面擔(dān)任著監(jiān)督和批判工作。() ，所以往往也被稱作為() ，咨詢雙方建立____是咨詢邁向成功的第一步。()，老鼠在“斯金納箱”學(xué)習(xí)推動杠桿而獲取食物的例子。這個反應(yīng)模式，我們稱之為()，如果某因子的因子分____時，便被認(rèn)為被測者的該因子癥狀己達(dá)到中等以上嚴(yán)重程度。()A.≧2 B.≧3 C.≧4 D.≧5，一般可以把共情分為兩個層次，第一層次稱為：初級共情，第二層次稱為() ，要改變當(dāng)事人的認(rèn)知行為，咨詢員需要具備較高超的說服技巧和誘導(dǎo)能力，這些可統(tǒng)稱之為() ，為了達(dá)到咨詢目標(biāo)，咨詢員要幫助當(dāng)事人反復(fù)____或?qū)嵺`已經(jīng)設(shè)計好的行為方式，最大限度地實(shí)現(xiàn)改變。咨詢員也稱其為“家庭作業(yè)”。()。如咨詢員想取悅于當(dāng)事人，對當(dāng)事人問題的過分認(rèn)同而失去客觀性等。()(SCL90)共有9個因子(即9個項(xiàng)目)，請在下列選項(xiàng)中選出排在前2位的因子項(xiàng)目。()、抑郁癥、人際關(guān)系、強(qiáng)迫癥、焦慮二、多項(xiàng)選擇題(本大題共5小題，每小題2分，共10分)在每小題列出的四個備選項(xiàng)中至少有兩個是符合題目要求的，請將其代碼填寫在題后的括號內(nèi)。錯選、多選、少選或未選均無分。，須滿足三個條件() () ，簡稱P、A、C，實(shí)質(zhì)的含義為一個人在生活中，應(yīng)永遠(yuǎn)地保持____的心境。()，提出人格構(gòu)造學(xué)說，他把人格構(gòu)造分為三個部分，即() ，有許多因素將影響咨詢關(guān)系。如：()三、判斷改錯題(本大題共4小題，每小題4分，共16分)判斷下列各題，正確的在題后括號內(nèi)打“√”，錯的打“”,并改正。()，產(chǎn)生的一種對刺激的主觀歪曲了的知覺。()、行為、思維方式等心理活動。稱為補(bǔ)償心理。()，總會有一個精確的答案，若一旦得不到答案時，就會很痛苦。()四、簡答題(本大題共4小題，每小題5分，共20分)，請你至少寫出十項(xiàng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中的八項(xiàng)。(來訪者)?，20世紀(jì)80年代，最引人注目的發(fā)展趨勢有哪些??五、論述題(本大題共2小題，每小題12分，共24分)“心理咨詢理論”一章中提到，人的自衛(wèi)機(jī)制(心理防衛(wèi)機(jī)制)共有十七種，請你寫出其中的十二種以上。并舉一事例(100字左右)說明其中一種自衛(wèi)機(jī)制?！靶睦頂嗳槠凇保莻€人成長中最重要的時期之一。請你論述一下，青少年的心理特點(diǎn)和心理問題的調(diào)適。第二篇：自考《心理衛(wèi)生與心理輔導(dǎo)》試題及答案最佳答案 P14 Why does the author tell s not to be afraid to ask stupid questions？ The author thinks that many apparently naive inquiries like why grass is green，or why the sn is round，or why we need 55，000 unclear weapons in the world ——are really deep says when you try to get the answers，you will gain deep understanding of the also important to know，as well as you can，what it is that you dont know，and asking questions is the also tell us to ask stupid questions requires courage on the part of the asker and knowledge and patience on the part of the dont confine your learning to ideas in depth with much brave to ask questions even when theres a prospect of ridicule than to suppress your questions and bee deadened to the world around Icons P30 What are the factors to shift the heroworship to the celebrityworship？ The new forms of media——photography，moving pictures，radio and television are the main reproduction of photos in newspapers turned famous people into celebrities whose dress，appearance，and personal habits were widely mented ，the focus of public attention began to shift away from knowing what such people did to knowing what looked shift was accelerated by the arrival of moving 1901 and 1914，74 percent of the magazine articles about famous people were about political leaders，inventors，inventors，professionals，and 1922，however，most articles were about movie the arrival of television，the faces of the stars became as familiar as those we saw across the breakfast came to know more about the lives of the celebrities than we did about most of the people we know than seventy years after the appearance of the first movimg pictures，the shift from heroworship to celebrityworship was GOGO AMERICAN P46 What is the Americans attitude towards time？Give necessary the United States，many people keenly feel the shortness of each are aware that once a day in their life is gone，it will never e Americans believe no one stands you are not moving ahead，you are falling they value time and want every minte to attitde towards time is shown in the fast pace of life in the they do they always seem to be in a find people hurrying to get where they are hurry to eating places for a mea and finish it as quickly as Americans do what they can to save produce a lot of laboursaving devices such as clothesand dishwashers； they rapidly municate through phone calls，telex and and cut down on personal Take Over，Bosn！P62 Can you imagine what did Barret think of when he heard Snyders whisper Take over，bosn？ Becase of thirst，Barret was almost out of rose several times and was a constant when he heard Snyder said“Take over，bosn，he had a strange feeling came to realize he would and must take over the task and be responsible for the long as he stopped others from the little water，they would always have hopes and wouldnt die he picked Snyders gun up and decided to hold off the other from the water until night when a ship saved Are You Giving Your Kids Too Much？ P78 Why parents overindulge their children？ There are several reasons to explain why parents overindulge their fairly mon reason is that parents overindulge their chidren out of a sense of who both hold down fulltime jops may feel guilty about the amount of time they spend away from their children and may attempt to pensate by showering them with material parents overindulge because they want their children to have everything they had while growing up，along with those things the parents yearned for but didnt others are afraid to say no to their childrens denless requests for toys for fear that their children will feel unloved or will be ridiculed if thy dont have the same playthings their friends Culture Shock P94 What are four stages that people go through when they experience situations that are very different from those to which they are accustomed？ Stage one is a honeymoon phase，during which the new experience is perceived to be interesting，picturesque，entertaining，and may notice several superficial differences such as music，food，and clothing，and the fresh apeal of the new experience keeps you feeling interested and you stay in a new envirnment for a while，you move to stage twothe crisis stagein which the shine wears off and daytoday realities sink relationship，you notie annoying habits；in a new country，you find barriers to establishing connections or to learning the language beyond a few polite you stick with the experience and try to deal with it realistically，you will probably move to the third phase： recovery，you learn the systems，procedures，language or nonverbal behaviors of the new environment so that you can cope with it on the basis of some mastery，peten