【正文】 lar, in Pacific Grove, California. The more than 1,600 signatories included Steven Hawking, Elon Musk, Ray Kurzweil and hundreds of the world39。s foremost AI researchers. The use of algorithms is spreading as massive amounts of data are being created, captured and analyzed by businesses and governments. Some are calling this the Age of Algorithms and predicting that the future of algorithms is tied to machine learning and deep learning that will get better and better at an everfaster pace. While many of the 20xx . presidential election postmortems noted the revolutionary impact of webbased tools in influencing its oute, XPrize Foundation CEO Peter Diamandis predicted that ―five big tech trends will make this election look tame.‖ He said advances in quantum puting and the rapid evolution of AI and AI agents embedded in systems and devices in the Inter of Things will lead to hyperstalking, influencing and shaping of voters, and hyper personalized ads, and will create new ways to misrepresent reality and perpetuate falsehoods. 4 PEW RESEARCH CENTER g Seven major themes about the algorithm era INEVITABLE ALGORITHMS Theme 1 Algorithms will continue to spread everywhere The benefits will be visible and invisible and can lead to greater human insight into the world The many upsides of algorithms are acpanied by challenges Theme 2 Good things lie ahead Datadriven approaches to problemsolving will expand Code processes will be refined and improved。 ethical issues are being worked out “Algorithms don?t have to be perfect。 they just have to be better than people” In the future, the world may be governed by benevolent AI CONCERNS Theme 3 Humanity and human judgment are lost when data and predictive modeling bee paramount Programming primarily in pursuit of profits and efficiencies is a threat Algorithms manipulate people and outes, and even “read our minds” All of this will lead to a flawed yet inescapable logicdriven society Some fear people could lose sophisticated decisionmaking capabilities and local intelligence As code takes over plex systems, humans are left out of the loop Solutions should include embedding respect for the individual Theme 4 Biases exist in algorithmicallyanized systems Algorithms reflect the biases of programmers and datasets Algorithms depend upon data that is often limited, deficient or incorrect Theme 5 Algorithmic categorizations deepen divides The disadvantaged are likely to be even more so Algorithms create filter bubbles and silos shaped by corporate data collectors. They limit people?s exposure to a wider range of ideas and reliable information and eliminate serendipity Theme 6 Unemployment will rise Smarter, moreefficient algorithms will displace many human work activities Some seek a redefined global economic system to support humanity SOCIETAL CHALLENGES Theme 7 The need grows for algorithmic literacy, transparency and oversight It starts with algorithm literacy – this goes beyond basic digital literacy People call for accountability processes, oversight and transparency Many are pessimistic about the prospects for policy rules and oversight PEW RESEARCH CENTER Analysts like Aneesh Aneesh of Stanford University foresee algorithms taking over public and private activities in a new era of ― algocratic governance‖ that supplants ―bureaucratic hierarchies.‖ Others, like Harvard‘s Shoshana Zuboff, describe the emergence of ― surveillance capitalism‖ that anizes economic behavior in an ―information civilization.‖ To illuminate current attitudes about the potential impacts of algorithms in the next decade, Pew Research Center and Elon University‘s Imagining the Inter Center conducted a largescale canvassing of technology experts, scholars, corporate practitioners and government leaders. Some 1,302 responded to this question about what will happen in the next decade: 5 PEW RESEARCH CENTER g Will the overall effect of algorithms be positive for individuals and society or negative for individuals and society? The nonscientific canvassing found that 38% of these particular respondents predicted that the positive impacts of algorithms will outweigh negatives for individuals and society in general, while 37% said negatives will outweigh positives。 25% said the overall impact of algorithms will be about 5050, positivenegative. [See ―About this canvassing of experts‖ for further details about the limits of this sample.] Participants were asked to explain their answers, and most wrote detailed elaborations that provide insights about hopeful and concerning trends. Respondents were allowed to respond anonymously。 these constitute a slight majority of the written elaborations. These findings do not represent all the points of view that are possible to a question like this, but they do reveal a wide range of valuable observations based on current trends. In the next section we offer a brief outline of seven key themes found among the written elaborations. Following that introductory section there is a much more indepth look at respondents‘ thoughts tied to each of the themes, beginning on page 30 of this report. All responses are lightly edited for style. Theme 1: Algorithms will continue to spread everywhere There is fairly uniform agreement among these respondents that algorithms are generally invisible to the public and there will be an exponential rise in their influence in the next decade. A representative statement of this view came from Barry Chudakov, founder and principal at Sertain Research and StreamFuzion Corp. He replied: ―?If every algorithm suddenly stopped working, it would be the end of the world as we know it.‘ (Pedro D