【正文】 ve to被否定后的意思是“不是不得不”，“不是非得”。have一詞作“有”解時(shí)，其否定和疑問的形式有兩種，you don39。t have, you haven39。t，但作除“有”解以外的含義時(shí)，只能有第一種否定或疑問形式，所以選項(xiàng)A是錯(cuò)的。B項(xiàng)不是虛擬語氣，C項(xiàng)是與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硎聦?shí)相反故也須排除。6．選B。根據(jù)問句，if條件從句及全句的意思，主句只能理解為與過去事實(shí)相反，would have是would have caught的省略。7．選B。從句應(yīng)理解為與過去事實(shí)相反，故選had been。8．選D。問句中雖用現(xiàn)在時(shí)，但實(shí)際上是詢問過去的事，故主從句都是與過去事實(shí)相反，所以would have had是對(duì)的。9．選D。與過去事實(shí)相反的從句是過去完成時(shí)，故選hadn39。t run。run out of意為“用光”。10．選C。從句中的tomorrow morning已經(jīng)告知我們，本句可理解為與將來事實(shí)相反，A、D兩項(xiàng)都不對(duì)。B項(xiàng)缺少to，故選were to start。11．選C。從句中的one day指“將來有一天”，故用should可表示將來。12．選B。根據(jù)主句中的yesterday可以確定，主句是與過去事實(shí)相反，又根據(jù)句意，從句也是與過去事實(shí)相反，故選B。13．疑問句是詢問將來，故用與將來事實(shí)相反的C項(xiàng)。14．選B。第一句中的made是指過去，回答要同上文的時(shí)間相符，所以，主句和從句均是與過去事實(shí)相反。15．選D。條件從句的tell說明這不是一個(gè)虛擬條件，因此選用真實(shí)意義的D項(xiàng)。16．選D。would you please并不是虛擬語氣，而是一種很委婉的祈使句，故從句也不用虛擬條件，而選用真實(shí)條件的see。17．選D。第一句已清楚地道出過去的一個(gè)事實(shí)。第二句是與這個(gè)過去的事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣，故選用D。18．選B。根據(jù)第一句，第二句中的條件從句應(yīng)是一個(gè)與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件，而主句也用與過去事實(shí)相反，這是由于句尾的then的緣故，如果沒有then一詞，選D項(xiàng)也是正確的。19．選A。主、從句都是與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，故用A。20．選C。第一句是詢問過去的事實(shí)，第二句中的主、從句都理解為過去才合邏輯，雖然D選項(xiàng)在語法上是對(duì)的，但從時(shí)間上看卻不合理。B層次答案與分析答案與分析1．選B。根據(jù)主從句之間在邏輯上的時(shí)間關(guān)系，應(yīng)視為同時(shí)發(fā)生故選B。但本句在沒有語言環(huán)境的情況下，也可以看做是一個(gè)過去的真實(shí)條件句。2．選C。might have e在含有虛擬條件復(fù)合句的主句中表示與過去事實(shí)相反，也可用于真實(shí)的情況，意即“可能已經(jīng)”，但仔細(xì)分析四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，其中無一可以在語法，時(shí)態(tài)和含義上同前面的句子相一致，故只能將 might have e看做是虛擬語氣的用法。如果是這樣，A項(xiàng)中的got up指與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件，這與主句不合邏輯。B項(xiàng)中的unless不能用于虛擬語氣條件。C項(xiàng)是一個(gè)指過去發(fā)生的真實(shí)事件，這正和與過去事實(shí)相反的主句相一致，而虛擬條件從句也被省略，它應(yīng)該是if he had got up early。D項(xiàng)中的過去完成時(shí)，在沒有任何參照的情況下是不對(duì)的。3．選C。如用with則全句的邏輯關(guān)系不成立，而用D項(xiàng)其語法結(jié)構(gòu)有錯(cuò)。in the past years已經(jīng)告訴我們應(yīng)與過去事實(shí)相反的條件從句，所以只有C是對(duì)的，B項(xiàng)用來表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，也應(yīng)排除。B、C這兩種用法只能表示虛擬條件，不能表示真實(shí)條件，其意思是“如果沒有”。4．選C。虛擬條件從句雖是指過去，但從其與主句的邏輯關(guān)系上分析，主句只能是現(xiàn)在，故選C，從now 一詞也可得出這一結(jié)論。5．選B。分析方法同上。6．選C。otherwise在這是一個(gè)虛擬條件從句的替代詞，它代替了if he hadn39。t done his best。7．選A。從wish后的過去時(shí)間狀語判斷，這應(yīng)該是一個(gè)對(duì)過去未能實(shí)現(xiàn)事情的一種愿望，故應(yīng)使用過去完成時(shí)。8．選A。在確定wish后從句的時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，不要受wish本身時(shí)態(tài)的影響，它同對(duì)從句時(shí)態(tài)的確定毫無關(guān)系。問題的關(guān)鍵是要看wish和從句中的動(dòng)詞的時(shí)間先后關(guān)系，無論wish本身是何種時(shí)態(tài)，它與這個(gè)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)間關(guān)系是固定不變的，在變成間接引語時(shí)，我們會(huì)更能體會(huì)到這種關(guān)系：He said，“I wish I had been there.”He said that he wished he had been ，可它與后面動(dòng)詞的時(shí)間關(guān)系并沒有變。請(qǐng)參閱本章的語法說明。9．選A。根據(jù)句意，這是一個(gè)與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的比喻，準(zhǔn)確地說，是一個(gè)與主句動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生的一個(gè)動(dòng)作，故用一般過去時(shí)的were。10．選D。But for（如果沒有）和without都可用于表示條件，并沒有時(shí)間限制，它們既有If it were not for的意思，也有if it had not been for的意思。但前者只用來表示虛擬條件，而后者用于虛擬和真實(shí)均可。C 項(xiàng)表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，這與主句不能成立。11．選C。as if后時(shí)態(tài)的確定同wish一樣，也不要受主句時(shí)態(tài)的影響，對(duì)它的分析請(qǐng)見上面第8題及其分析。12．選C。but引出的內(nèi)容是一個(gè)事實(shí)。13．選B。從句用與過去事實(shí)相反的過去完成時(shí)才能合句意。14．選B。從句只能指過去。15．選A。主句中的now一詞已表明是與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反。16．選A。從句應(yīng)理解為與過去事實(shí)相反，故用過去完成時(shí)，句首的感嘆句告訴我們，這是一個(gè)當(dāng)前的情景，所以wouldn39。t后用進(jìn)行時(shí)較妥。17．選B。第一句雖用了一個(gè)現(xiàn)在時(shí)的疑問句，但“打碎”這個(gè)動(dòng)作確是已經(jīng)發(fā)生了。所以主從句都應(yīng)視為過去事實(shí)相反。18．選D。用與過去事實(shí)相反的否定句才合邏輯。19．選C。從虛擬條件從句及其主句可判斷出這是一個(gè)過去發(fā)生的否定的事實(shí)。20．選D。從句是指過去，而主句是指現(xiàn)在。歷屆高考題參考答案參考答案1～5．DBABD6～10．DCAA/CD11～15．CCBDC1617．DA第二篇：虛擬語氣練習(xí)題及答案虛擬語氣練習(xí)題用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空： Part people ______(drive)more slowly, there wouldn’t be so many you had worked carefully, you _____(not make)so many boat wouldn’t have drifted away, if we _____(tie)it I had known you already _____(have)a typewriter, I _____(not, buy)one for your he _____(be)here this afternoon I would go with it were to rain tomorrow, the match _____(postpone). for your help, we ______(not be)able to finish the work in it _____(not, be)for the leadership of the Party, we would not have achieved so wish I _____(study)hard while I was is about time that fence ______(mend). request is that we ______(hold)another session to discuss the is strange that the car _____(break)down at exactly the same place where it _____(break)down baby smiled as if he _____(understand)what his mother _____(say). talked as if he _____(do)all the work himself, but in fact Tom and I _____(do)most of only we _____(have)a phone!I’m tired of queuing outside the public phone “Can we e in late tomorrow?”“I’d rather you _____(e)in on time.” looks as if he _____(be)ill for a long always talks as though he ______(address)a public a metal ______(heat), it will _____(stay)home if it rains this would call you immediately if she _____(need) I had seen the movie, I _____(tell)you all about it he _____(decide)earlier, he could have left on the afternoon I _____(take)my umbrella with me when I _____(e)out this morning, I _____(not be)so wet you had listened to me, you _____(not be)in such trouble wish they _____(stop)making so much noise so that I could concentrate on my is inconceivable that he _____(not see)me that day for I ______(wave)to a pity that he gave orders that all those lovely trees _____(cut) would rather _____(stay)home last would rather that his brother _____(work)in the same department as he current flows through a conductor as though it _____(be)a _____(invite)her to the party but we didn’t know that she ______(already, e)back from ’s industrial production ______(be)impossible without the contribution made by the science of hate ’d much rather you _____(drive). guests ______(arrive)last night, but there is still no news about (feel)anxious if I came home if I ______(be)with you then, I ______(can, not, do)much for less conscientious man ______(not, try)so hard to get this job you wish that you ______(have)a sister like her? ’t it surprising that he ______(have)two car accidents during the past week?選擇題： I _______ you, I’d join the be 2.“If the sun ______ tomorrow, what would we do?” not rise not rise not rise not rise you ______ to see Mary, what would you tell her? be going would have said “Hello” to him if I ______ your see seen see have seen you had wanted to buy a record, what ________? you buy you bought you have bought you be buying the tablets had dissolved, John probably die probably died would be died probably have died if you had lost your watch? ’t you been upset’t you be upset ’t you upset’t you have upset “I was so sorry to hear about Jack.”“If he had made more friends here, he might ________.” stayed stay I had a bike, I ______ it to you have lent lend have lend lend , John would not have he has listened to me he listened to me he listened to me he listened to me Alice been more hardworking, she not failed not have failed not fail not be failed “Steve made