【正文】
他的學(xué)習(xí)的愿望;而不及時(shí)的評(píng)價(jià)則往往在激勵(lì)學(xué)生改進(jìn)學(xué)習(xí)方面的作用較小,因?yàn)樵趯W(xué)生意識(shí)中完成任務(wù)時(shí)的情景已經(jīng)比較淡薄了。 (二)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī)的培養(yǎng) 1. 教師要時(shí)時(shí)對(duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí)目的的教育,啟發(fā)學(xué)生的求知需要。進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí)目的的教育,在于使學(xué)生正確認(rèn)識(shí)學(xué)習(xí)的社會(huì)意義,把學(xué)習(xí)與崇高的社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)事業(yè),遠(yuǎn)大的理想結(jié)合起來(lái) ,從而形成長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)的間接興趣和遠(yuǎn)景的學(xué)習(xí) 動(dòng)機(jī),產(chǎn)生正確的學(xué)習(xí)態(tài)度,提高學(xué)習(xí)的熱情和學(xué)習(xí)的自覺(jué)性。例如,根據(jù)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的特點(diǎn),以及英語(yǔ)在世界發(fā)展歷史上的地位,在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中的廣泛應(yīng)用,讓學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)有遠(yuǎn)景性的目標(biāo),讓它成為鼓勵(lì)他們前進(jìn)的一種持久的動(dòng)力;而且要使這種遠(yuǎn)景目標(biāo)與具體的切實(shí)可行的目標(biāo)結(jié)合起來(lái)。讓學(xué)生能夠理解這些目標(biāo),經(jīng)過(guò)努力也可以達(dá)到這些目標(biāo),讓學(xué)習(xí)轉(zhuǎn)化為學(xué)生自身求知的需要。 2. 通過(guò)有目的的學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng),培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣。學(xué)習(xí)興趣是學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī)的重要心理成分。興趣不僅表現(xiàn)在探求知識(shí)的過(guò)程中,渴望獲得有關(guān)的知識(shí)(強(qiáng)烈的求知欲),而且伴隨有愉快 的情緒體驗(yàn)。具有學(xué)習(xí)興趣的學(xué)生,會(huì)把學(xué)習(xí)看成內(nèi)心的滿足,而不是把學(xué)習(xí)當(dāng)成一種負(fù)擔(dān)。在教學(xué)中應(yīng)該讓學(xué)生知道:英語(yǔ)是優(yōu)美的。一首短歌,一篇散文,一首英文詩(shī)都可以拿來(lái)讓學(xué)生欣賞。當(dāng)學(xué)生體會(huì)到英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言的美之后,他們就會(huì)發(fā)生濃厚的興趣而去學(xué)習(xí)它。在英語(yǔ)教學(xué)中,針對(duì)不同的教學(xué)內(nèi)容,適時(shí)地教幾首英美歌曲,在對(duì)優(yōu)美音樂(lè)的欣賞中導(dǎo)入正課,使學(xué)生體會(huì)到英文歌曲的意境之美。恰當(dāng)?shù)剡\(yùn)用多媒體,電視等, 第 7頁(yè) 在課堂上通過(guò)交談,討論,做游戲等來(lái)活躍課堂氣氛,使學(xué)生都能參與到教學(xué)中來(lái),從而使學(xué)生產(chǎn)生“主人翁”感。 培養(yǎng)學(xué)習(xí)興趣,把注意吸引到學(xué) 習(xí)上來(lái),對(duì)少數(shù)毫無(wú)學(xué)習(xí)興趣和懶于學(xué)習(xí)的學(xué)生特別重要。對(duì)這類學(xué)生。我們要設(shè)法使他們對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)稍微提高一點(diǎn)興趣,從內(nèi)心產(chǎn)生改進(jìn)學(xué)習(xí)的需要,其學(xué)習(xí)態(tài)度就會(huì)逐漸轉(zhuǎn)變。蘇聯(lián)學(xué)者西。索洛維契克認(rèn)為,“一個(gè)人只要心理上有所準(zhǔn)備,堅(jiān)信學(xué)習(xí)是一件有趣的事,對(duì)目前感到枯燥無(wú)味的學(xué)科認(rèn)真地學(xué)一學(xué),便會(huì)產(chǎn)生學(xué)習(xí)興趣?!苯處熞鶕?jù)這一心理原理,要讓學(xué)生從收到第一次成效開始,不斷繼續(xù)下去,直到成為一種學(xué)習(xí)的常規(guī)。 (三)學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī)的培養(yǎng)和激發(fā)中應(yīng)注意的事項(xiàng) 1. 在培養(yǎng)和激發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的過(guò)程中應(yīng)始終注意使內(nèi)部動(dòng)機(jī)與外部動(dòng)機(jī)互相補(bǔ)充。由對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)目的的認(rèn)識(shí)而產(chǎn)生的學(xué)習(xí)需要以及對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)的興趣等都是內(nèi)部動(dòng)機(jī),如果只依靠?jī)?nèi)部動(dòng)機(jī),時(shí)間一長(zhǎng)它就會(huì)衰減;而檢查,評(píng)定競(jìng)賽等等是外部動(dòng)機(jī),他可以對(duì)內(nèi)部動(dòng)機(jī)起支持作用。然而,一味地依靠外部動(dòng)機(jī),由于強(qiáng)度不夠,一旦移去,獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)和懲罰等外部動(dòng)機(jī)也會(huì)衰退。因此二者必須相互補(bǔ)充。 2. 進(jìn)行動(dòng)機(jī)的培養(yǎng)和激發(fā)時(shí)要考慮學(xué)生的個(gè)別差異,特別是在激發(fā)時(shí),要使每個(gè)人的學(xué)習(xí)以特定的形式激發(fā)起來(lái)。例如,因?yàn)槊總€(gè)人有其獨(dú)有的成就需要,有其不同的知識(shí)基礎(chǔ)。因此在設(shè)置問(wèn)題情境時(shí)應(yīng)有不同的難度,要使每個(gè)人在他本人的基礎(chǔ)上獲得成功的機(jī)會(huì)。如 果學(xué)生把自己的成敗過(guò)多歸因于能力的作用,教師應(yīng)教育他“個(gè)人努力”在取得成就中的作用,從而否定其宿命論的觀點(diǎn);當(dāng)學(xué)生感到自己經(jīng)過(guò)努力效果仍然不好,感到自己學(xué)習(xí)無(wú)能時(shí),教師應(yīng)鼓勵(lì)他,肯定他的努力。 總之,培養(yǎng)和激發(fā)中學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī)的方法是多種多樣的,只要我們能夠充分認(rèn)識(shí)到加強(qiáng)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī)的激發(fā)和培養(yǎng)的重要性,并且在教育教學(xué)實(shí)踐中不斷地探索和總結(jié),就一定能夠找出各種行之有效的方式方法,從而收到事半功倍之效。 五、結(jié)語(yǔ) 盡管本文通過(guò)對(duì)現(xiàn)代教育理論的學(xué)習(xí)和大量文獻(xiàn)的研究提出了幾種激發(fā)和培養(yǎng)中學(xué)生英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng) 機(jī)的教學(xué)策略,但是影響學(xué)生英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī)的因素是很復(fù)雜的,涉及到學(xué)生的年齡、性別、個(gè)性差異、家庭背景、成長(zhǎng)環(huán)境、社會(huì)環(huán)境和課堂教學(xué)藝術(shù)等。因此,培養(yǎng)和激發(fā)中學(xué)生英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī)的方法也是多種多樣的,只要我們能夠充分認(rèn)識(shí)到加強(qiáng)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī)的培養(yǎng)與激發(fā)的重要性,并且在教育教學(xué)實(shí)踐中不斷地探索和總結(jié),就一定能夠找出各種行之有效的方式方法,從而提高英語(yǔ)教學(xué)質(zhì)量,提高學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)。 第 8 頁(yè) 參考文獻(xiàn) [1]劉良華 .行動(dòng)研究的史與思 .[D].華東師大, 2021. [2]杜敏 .關(guān)于中國(guó)中學(xué)生英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的動(dòng)機(jī)調(diào)查研究 .[D].安徽 大學(xué), 2021. [3]邵瑞珍 .學(xué)與教的心理學(xué) .[M].華東師范大學(xué)出版社, 1991 [4]劉棟樓 .外語(yǔ)教育中的動(dòng)機(jī)問(wèn)題的幾點(diǎn)思考 [J].外語(yǔ)教學(xué), 2021(4). [5]王松美 .論學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī)課堂教學(xué)激勵(lì)模式 [J].中小學(xué)外語(yǔ)教學(xué), 2021(5). [6]陳奇,劉儒德 .當(dāng)代教育心理學(xué) [M].北京:北京師大出版社, 1997 [7]胡春洞,王才仁 .外語(yǔ)教育心理學(xué) [M].南寧:廣西教育出版社, 1996 [8]韓進(jìn)之 .教育心理學(xué)綱要 [M].北京:人民教育出版社, 1989. On the Stimulation and Cultivation of English Learning Motivation Of Middle School Students Abstract: Motivation and academic performance of students are closely tide up with the teaching , the excitation and the motivation of students to guide English teaching is of high importance . Based on study of modern education theories, this paper expounds the meaning and types of motivation, analyzes the functions of motivation in English learning and puts forward strategies for cultivating and stimulating high school students’ English learning motivation. Key Word: motivation。 English learning。 stimulation。cultivation。 middle school students Middle school students of English learning motivation to encourage and train Pick to: students39。 learning motivation and academic results and the teachers39。 teaching effect has the close relation, therefore, to encourage and train students39。 learning motivation to improve English teaching is very important meaning. Through the study of the theory of modern education, this paper analyzes the English learning motivation to encourage and train importance。 Discusses the meaning, type motive。 第 8 頁(yè) Puts forward to encourage and train high school students English learning motivation strategy. Keywords: motivation。 English learning。 Inspire。 Training。 Middle school students A, introduction Motivation (Motivation) has been considered a foreign language learning is one of the key factors. Corder a word is often quote: as long as there is learning motivation, who can learn a language. Our English teacher is a widespread belief that learning motivation, the higher the faster to learn, to learn the better. Students have the earnest study attitude and strong study perseverance, is often because they have strong learning motivation。 There are some students lack of enthusiasm, and even disgusted, this is clearly learning motivation of performance. Learning motivation and study result is plementary relationship, good motivation to get the success of learning, learning success, in turn, enhance motivation (Vivian Cook, 2021). Therefore, our teachers know and stimulate the students39。 learning motivation is important to the success of an teaching conditions. In English teaching, motivation has been the key for the teaching, whether it is listening, speaking, reading and writing grammar teaching, if can39。t stimulate the students39。 motivation, teaching is not possible to achieve the expected effect (WangDuQin, 2021). As an English teacher, our primary mission is to stimulate the students39。 English learning motivation. High school students is a subjective initiative of the individual, in English learning process, learning motivation is one of the main factors affect learning. At the same time, they are social individuals, the English learning motivation must by the environment influence and restriction. In this paper, the influence factors of middle school students English 第 8 頁(yè) learning motivation, analyzed the stimulate the students39。 English learning motivation strategy, in hopes of the middle school English teaching has certain practical significance. Second, the meaning of motivation, type Learning motivation is to point to by a learning objective individual or object, to inspire and guide to maintain learning activity intrinsic psychological process or internal power. This means that learning motivation is individual inner psychological process, it is can39。t directly observed the, but can be by individual external behavior speculation. For example, through the choice of students for the tasks to the amount of effort, to the attitude of the difficulties, and rejuvenation, etc, can gather that students39。 learning motivation of directi