【正文】 divisions of the tenor Translation in different tenors Chapter Six Cultural Context and Translation Cultural context and translation Cultural context and prehension Cultural context and representation The difference of thinking patterns and translation The difference of historical background and translation The difference of geographic culture and translation The difference of religious culture and translation Conclusion Bibliography Acknowledge Chapter One Introduction As a kind of information system, language is unique to human society. The munication with languagethe transmitting and receiving of information, appears only in particular circumstance and are affected by them. So context plays a very important role for a translator to understand the texts and it also helps the reader to interpret the meaning. The famous translation theorist, Peter Newmark, has said in his famous book Approaches to Translation ( 1982:113) that “ context is the overriding factor in all translation, and has primacy over any rule, theory, or primary meaning.” The relation between context and translation is just like the relation between water and fish. In the field of modern linguistics, context plays a more important role. While in the field of translation, context has bee the highlight of translators as well as their theorists in our country. However, most of them have only studied a certain problem or aspect that influence context. As we know, translation is a sophisticated language social activity. It not concerns on the wordtoword translation. “ Translation is a municative progress which takes place with in a social context.” (Hatim amp。 Mason 2021:3) In order to translate one language to another while at the same time keeps the content of the source language, translators are inevitably working under the bound of both the source language and target language. So translators have to be sensitive in any source text for they are positioned between two independent social structures. The translator plays as an observer of the textworld environment of source language. And the role of the translator as reader is then constructing the meaning of source text. As a text producer, the translator operates in a different social and cultural environment, trying to use his interpretation to reflex the meaning of the source text. Translator should convey the content, intention and style of the source text, at the same time they should meet the needs of the readers living in the specific historical period. Text is the target of translation, that is to say, what a translator works with is different types of text. So what is text? Text is a series of signals that transmit from a sender to a receiver a special code or set of codes through some medium. A text may be one word, one sentence, one passage or even one novel. The word “ context” es from the Latin word contextus. And how is context to be defined? Although numbers of scholars have their own definitions of context, they just express the same meaning in different ways, thus, “ context involves the relevant elements of the surrounding linguistic or nonlinguistic structures in relation to an uttered expression under consideration. The expression is normally a unit corresponding to a sentence, but can also be a word or a global discourse unit.” (Asher 1994:731). The contextual factors that the meaning of a text lingers on involve both the social and cultural background as well as the surrounding words. While we have to learn context from multidimension, then we can understand the meaning and function of a text. This dissertation proceeds in six chapter. Chapter one is the introductory part. Chapter two concerns the theoretic background of the study on context. Chapter three is about the classification of context. Chapter four studies the linguistic context and translation. Chapter five studies the situational context and translation. Chapter six studies the cultural context and translation. Then it ended with a conclusion. Chapter Two Theoretic background of the study on context Previous theoretic exploration in context In the last decades, Saussure’ s distinguish between langue and parole exerted universal influence on linguistic studies. According to Saussure’ s suggestion, the label “ linguistics” assumes the existence of utterly homogeneous speech munities that each uses a uniform linguistic code, mainly for referential functions. On the ground of assumption, the purpose of theoretical linguistics is the elaboration of contextfree linguistic rules explaining that part of linguistic behavior. While, when linguists only described the construction of a language and codified its vocabulary, they did not tell people the true meaning of language. Therefore, many scholars involved Malinowski, Firth, Halliday had contributed to the spread of pragmatic study in linguistics. They take language essentially as asocial activity and are not satisfied with the view that a formal system could be isolated from its culture. As a result, the following years have witnessed a shift of emphasis from peer theoretical analysis of linguistic form and structure to the study of the theories for applied aims. Malinowski’ s contribution to the study of context Malinowski, was the anthropologist of England and he acted as one of the founders of functionalism. Also, he was one of the first investigators to study the context. In his essay The Problem of Meaning in Primitive Languages (1923), he made large contribution to the development of contextual studies of linguistic. When he was dealing with his anthropological fieldwork makes a chance for him