【正文】 詞，介詞短語或整個從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閷χ^語動詞的否定。I don39。t remember having ever seen such a 。(not否定動名詞短語 having…)It39。s not a place where anyone would expect to see strange characters on the ，人們不會想到在街上會碰上陌生的人。(anyone 作主語，從句中的謂語動詞不能用否定形式。)4)有時狀語或狀語從句中否定可以轉(zhuǎn)移到謂語動詞前。The ant is not gathering this for itself alone.(否定狀語)螞蟻不只是為自己采食。He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said so.(否定because狀語)他并不因亞里斯多德說過如何如何，就輕信此事。She had not been married many weeks when that man39。s younger brother saw her and was struck by her beauty.(否定狀語many weeks)她結(jié)婚還不到幾個月，這個人的弟弟就看見她了，并對她的美貌著了迷。第二篇：決戰(zhàn)2012高考專題講義之高考名詞性從句講解及練習決戰(zhàn)2012高考專題講義之高考名詞性從句講解及練習大綱一、引導名詞性從句的連接詞 三、賓語從句四、表語從句 五、名詞性that從句六、名詞性wh從句七、if, whether引導的名詞從句八、否定轉(zhuǎn)移九、高考熱點透視十、專項考點練習在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞從句(Noun Clauses）。名詞從句的功能相當于名詞詞組, 它在復合句中能擔任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等，因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。一、引導名詞性從句的連接詞引導名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類：連詞：that（無任何詞意）Whether /if（均表示“是否”表明從句內(nèi)容的不確定性）as if /as though（均表示“好像”，“似乎”）以上在從句中均不充當任何成分連接代詞：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom，Whose/ which./whichever,/whomever連接副詞：when, where, how, why不可省略的連詞：。That she was chosen made us very heard the news that our team had ：whether與if 均為“是否”的意思。但在下列情況下，whether 不能被if 取代：“or not”Whether he will e is not ，用 it充當形式主語。It is not important who will is still unknown which team will win the 作句子主語的從句叫主語從句。主語從句通常由從屬連詞that，whether，if和連接代詞what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及連接副詞how，when，where，why等詞引導。that在句中無詞義，只起連接作用；連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問含義、又起連接作用，在從句中充當從句的成分。例如：What he wants to tell us is not ，還不清楚。Who will win the match is still 。It is known to us how he became a 。Where the English evening will be held has not yet been ，還沒有宣布。有時為避免句子頭重腳輕，常用形式主語it代替主語從句作形式主語放于句首，而把主語從句置于句末。主語從句后的謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。常用句型如下：（1）It + be + 名詞 + that從句（2）It + be + 形容詞 + that從句（3）It + be + 動詞的過去分詞 + that從句（4）It + 不及物動詞 + that 從句另注意在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應如此等語氣時，謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣“(should)+do”，常用的句型有：It is necessary(important, natural, strange, etc.)that …It is a pity(a shame, no wonder, etc.)that…It is suggested(requested, proposed, desired, etc.)that…三、賓語從句名詞句用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。引導賓語從句的關聯(lián)詞與引導主語從句表語從句的關聯(lián)詞大致一樣，在句中可以作謂語動詞或介詞及非謂語動詞的賓語。由連接詞that引導賓語從句時，that在句中不擔任任何成分，在口語或非正式的文體中常被省去，但如從句是并列句時,第二個分句前的that不可省。例如：He has told me that he will go to Shanghai 。We must never think(that)we are good in everything while others are good in ，別人什么都不好。注意：在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, request, mand等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的動詞后，賓語從句常用“（should）+ 動詞原形”。例如：I insist that she(should)do her work 。The mander ordered that troops(should)set off at 。，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等關聯(lián)詞引導的賓語從句相當于特殊疑問句，應注意句子語序要用陳述語序。例如：I want to know what he has told 。She always thinks of how she can work 。She will give whoever needs help a warm ，她都會給予熱情的支持。，其主語和謂語的順序也不能顛倒，仍保持陳述句語序。此外，whether與if 在作“是否”的意思講時在下列情況下一般只能用whether，不用if：；；；“or not”時；。例如：Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting 。The question is whether she should have a low opinion of the test?Everything depends on whether we have enough 。I wonder whether he will e or 。Can you tell me whether to go or to stay? 你能否告訴我是去還是留？，當主句動詞是現(xiàn)在時，從句根據(jù)自身的句子情況，而使用不同時態(tài)。例如：he studies English every day.（從句用一般現(xiàn)在時）he studied English last term.（從句用一般過去時）I know(that)he will study English next year.（從句用一般將來時）he has studied English since 1998.（從句用現(xiàn)在完成時）當主句動詞是過去時態(tài)（could, would除外），從句則要用相應的過去時態(tài)，如一般過去時，過去進行時，過去將來時等；當從句表示的是客觀真理，科學原理，自然現(xiàn)象，則從句仍用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。例如：The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America．, believe, imagine, suppose等等動詞引起的否定性賓語從句中，要把上述主句中的動詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄊ健＜磳木渲械姆穸ㄐ问揭频街骶渲?。例如：We don’t think you are 。I don’t believe he will do 。四、表語從句在句中作表語的從句叫表語從句。引導表語從句的關聯(lián)詞與引導主語從句的關聯(lián)詞大致一樣，表語從句位于連系動詞后，有時用as if引導。其基本結(jié)構為：主語 + 系動詞 + that從句。例如：The fact is that we have lost the 。That’s just what I 。This is where our problem 。That is why he didn’t e to the 。It looks as if it is going to 。需要注意的，當主語是reason時，表語從句要用that引導而不是because。例如：The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning.【注意】whether 可引導表語從句，但與之同義的if卻通常不用于引導表語從句。同位語從句說明其前面的名詞的具體內(nèi)容。同位語從句通常由that引導，可用于同位語從句的名詞有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如：The news that we won the game is 。I have no idea when he will e back 。The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen 。同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別：that作為關系代詞，可以引導定語從句，充當句子成分，在從句中作賓語時可以省略； that引導同位語從句時，起連詞的作用，沒有實際意義，不充當句子成分，一般不能省略。試比較下面兩個例句:I had no idea that you were here．（that引導同位語從句，不能省略）Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？（that引導定語從句，作賓語，可以省略）五、名詞性that從句1）由從屬連詞that引導的從句叫做名詞性that從句。That只起連接主句和從句的作用，在從句中不擔任任何成分，本身也沒有詞義。名詞性that從句在句中能充當主語、賓語、表語、同位語和形容詞賓語，例如：主語：That he is still alive is sheer 。賓語：John said that he was leaving for London on 。表語：The fact is that he has not been seen 。同位語：The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his ，這一事實令辦公室所有的人不安。形容詞賓語：I am glad that you are satisfied with your 。2）That從句作主語通常用it作先行詞，而將that從句置于句末，例如：It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to ，整個計劃注定要失敗。It39。s a pity that you should have to 。用it作形式主語的that從句有以下四種不同的搭配關系：（重點，需記憶） + be +形容詞+ that從句It is necessary that… 有必要……It is important that… 重要的是……It is obvious that… 很明顯…… + be +ed 分詞+ that從句It is believed that… 人們相信……It is known to all that… 從所周知……It has been decided that… 已決定…… + be +名詞+ that從句It is mon knowledge that… ……是常識It is a surprise that… 令人驚奇的是……It is a fact that… 事實是…… +不及物動詞+ that分句It appears that… 似乎……It happens that… 碰巧……It occurred to me that… 我突然想起……六、名詞性wh從句1）由wh詞引導的名詞從句叫做名詞性wh從句。Wh詞包括who, whom,.whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等連接代詞和where, when, how, why等連接副詞。Wh從句的語法功能除了和that從句一樣外，還可充當介詞賓語、賓語補語和間接賓語等，例如：主語： How the book will sell depends on its 。直接賓語：In one39。s own home one can do wha