【正文】 第一篇：決戰(zhàn)2012高考專(zhuān)題講義之高考名詞性從句講解及練習(xí)高考名詞性從句講解 大綱一、引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞 三、賓語(yǔ)從句四、表語(yǔ)從句 五、名詞性that從句六、名詞性wh從句七、if, whether引導(dǎo)的名詞從句八、否定轉(zhuǎn)移在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞從句(Noun Clauses）。名詞從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組, 它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)、介詞賓語(yǔ)等，因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語(yǔ)法功能，名詞從句又可分別稱(chēng)為主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。一、引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類(lèi)：連詞：that（無(wú)任何詞意）Whether /if（均表示“是否”表明從句內(nèi)容的不確定性）as if /as though（均表示“好像”，“似乎”）以上在從句中均不充當(dāng)任何成分連接代詞：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom，Whose/ which./whichever,/whomever連接副詞：when, where, how, why不可省略的連詞：。That she was chosen made us very heard the news that our team had 作句子主語(yǔ)的從句叫主語(yǔ)從句。主語(yǔ)從句通常由從屬連詞that，whether，if和連接代詞what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及連接副詞how，when，where，why等詞引導(dǎo)。that在句中無(wú)詞義，只起連接作用；連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問(wèn)含義、又起連接作用，在從句中充當(dāng)從句的成分。例如：What he wants to tell us is not ，還不清楚。直接賓語(yǔ)Who will win the match is still 。主語(yǔ)It is known to us how he became a 。狀語(yǔ)Where the English evening will be held has not yet been ，還沒(méi)有宣布。有時(shí)為避免句子頭重腳輕，常用形式主語(yǔ)it代替主語(yǔ)從句作形式主語(yǔ)放于句首，而把主語(yǔ)從句置于句末。主語(yǔ)從句后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。常用句型如下：（1）It + be + 名詞 + that從句（2）It + be + 形容詞 + that從句（3）It + be + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞 + that從句（4）It + 不及物動(dòng)詞 + that 從句另注意在主語(yǔ)從句中用來(lái)表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等語(yǔ)氣時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣“(should)+do”，常用的句型有：It is necessary(important, natural, strange, etc.)that …It is a pity(a shame, no wonder, etc.)that…It is suggested(requested, proposed, desired, etc.)that…三、賓語(yǔ)從句名詞從句用作賓語(yǔ)的從句叫賓語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣，在句中可以作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或介詞及非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)。由連接詞that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，that在句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，在口語(yǔ)或非正式的文體中常被省去，但如從句是并列句時(shí),第二個(gè)分句前的that不可省。例如：He has told me that he will go to Shanghai 。注意：在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, request, mand等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的動(dòng)詞后，賓語(yǔ)從句常用“（should）+ 動(dòng)詞原形”。例如：I insist that she(should)do her work 。The mander ordered that troops(should)set off at 。，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句相當(dāng)于特殊疑問(wèn)句，應(yīng)注意句子語(yǔ)序要用陳述語(yǔ)序。例如：I want to know what he has told 。She always thinks of how she can work 。，其主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的順序也不能顛倒，仍保持陳述句語(yǔ)序。此外，whether與if 在作“是否”的意思講時(shí)在下列情況下一般只能用whether，不用if：；；；“or not”時(shí)；。例如：Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting 。The question is whether she should have a low opinion of the test?Everything depends on whether we have enough 。I wonder whether he will e or 。Can you tell me whether to go or to stay? 你能否告訴我是去還是留？．, believe, imagine, suppose等等動(dòng)詞引起的否定性賓語(yǔ)從句中，要把上述主句中的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄊ?。即將從句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如：We don’t think you are 。I don’t believe he will do 。四、表語(yǔ)從句在句中作表語(yǔ)的從句叫表語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣，表語(yǔ)從句位于連系動(dòng)詞后，有時(shí)用as if引導(dǎo)。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語(yǔ) + 系動(dòng)詞 + that從句。例如：The fact is that we have lost the 。That’s just what I 。This is where our problem 。That is why he didn’t e to the 。It looks as if it is going to 。需要注意的，當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是reason時(shí)，表語(yǔ)從句要用that引導(dǎo)而不是because。例如：The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning.【注意】whether 可引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，但與之同義的if卻通常不用于引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。同位語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明其前面的名詞的具體內(nèi)容。同位語(yǔ)從句通常由that引導(dǎo)，可用于同位語(yǔ)從句的名詞有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如：The news that we won the game is 。I have no idea when he will e back 。The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen 。同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別：that作為關(guān)系代詞，可以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，充當(dāng)句子成分，在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略； that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，起連詞的作用，沒(méi)有實(shí)際意義，不充當(dāng)句子成分，一般不能省略。試比較下面兩個(gè)例句:I had no idea that you were here．（that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，不能省略）五、名詞性that從句1）由從屬連詞that引導(dǎo)的從句叫做名詞性that從句。That只起連接主句和從句的作用，在從句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，本身也沒(méi)有詞義。名詞性that從句在句中能充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)和形容詞賓語(yǔ)，例如：主語(yǔ)：That he is still alive is sheer 。賓語(yǔ)：John said that he was leaving for London on 。表語(yǔ)：The fact is that he has not been seen 。同位語(yǔ)：The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his ，這一事實(shí)令辦公室所有的人不安。形容詞賓語(yǔ)：I am glad that you are satisfied with your 。2）That從句作主語(yǔ)通常用it作先行詞，而將that從句置于句末，例如：It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to ，整個(gè)計(jì)劃注定要失敗。It39。s a pity that you should have to 。用it作形式主語(yǔ)的that從句有以下四種不同的搭配關(guān)系：（重點(diǎn)，需記憶） + be +形容詞+ that從句It is necessary that… 有必要……It is important that… 重要的是……It is obvious that… 很明顯…… + be +ed 分詞+ that從句It is believed that… 人們相信……It is known to all that… 從所周知……It has been decided that… 已決定…… + be +名詞+ that從句It is mon knowledge that… ……是常識(shí)It is a surprise that… 令人驚奇的是……It is a fact that… 事實(shí)是…… +不及物動(dòng)詞+ that分句It appears that… 似乎……It happens that… 碰巧……It occurred to me that… 我突然想起……六、名詞性wh從句1）由wh詞引導(dǎo)的名詞從句叫做名詞性wh從句。Wh詞包括who, whom,.whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等連接代詞和where, when, how, why等連接副詞。Wh從句的語(yǔ)法功能除了和that從句一樣外，還可充當(dāng)介詞賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)等，例如：主語(yǔ)： How the book will sell depends on its 。直接賓語(yǔ)：In one39。s own home one can do what one 。間接賓語(yǔ)：The club will give whoever wins a 。表語(yǔ)： My question is who will take over president of the 。賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：She will name him whatever she wants 。同位語(yǔ)： I have no idea when he will 。形容詞賓語(yǔ)：I39。m not sure why she refused their 。介詞賓語(yǔ)： That depends on where we shall 。2）Wh從句作主語(yǔ)也常用先行詞it做形式主語(yǔ)，而將wh從句置于句末，例如：It is not yet decided who will do that 。It remains unknown when they are going to get 。七、if, whether引導(dǎo)的名詞從句1）yesno型疑問(wèn)從句從屬連詞if, whether引導(dǎo)的名詞從句是由一般疑問(wèn)句或選擇疑問(wèn)轉(zhuǎn)化而來(lái)的，因此也分別被稱(chēng)為yesno型疑問(wèn)句從句和選擇型疑問(wèn)從句，其功能和wh從句的功能相同，例如：主語(yǔ)：Whether the plan is feasible remains to be 。賓語(yǔ)：Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before 。表語(yǔ)：The point is whether we should lend him the 。同位語(yǔ)：They are investigating the question whether the man is 。形容詞賓語(yǔ)： She39。s doubtful whether we shall be able to 。介詞賓語(yǔ)： I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his 。2）選擇性疑問(wèn)從句選擇性疑問(wèn)從句由關(guān)聯(lián)詞if/whether…or或whether…or not構(gòu)成，例如：Please tell me whether / if they are Swedish or 。I don39。t care whether you like the plan or 。八、否定轉(zhuǎn)移1)將think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等動(dòng)詞后面賓語(yǔ)從句的否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中，即主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用否定式，而從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用肯定式。I don39。t think I know 。I don39。 t believe he will 。注意：若謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為hope,賓語(yǔ)從句中的否定詞不能轉(zhuǎn)移。I hope you weren39。t 。2)將seem, appear 等后的從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移到前面。It doesn39。t seem that they know where to 。It doesn39。t appear that we39。ll have a sunny day 。3)有時(shí)將動(dòng)名