【正文】 第一篇：決戰(zhàn)2012高考專題講義之高考名詞性從句講解及練習(xí)高考名詞性從句講解 大綱一、引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞 三、賓語從句四、表語從句 五、名詞性that從句六、名詞性wh從句七、if, whether引導(dǎo)的名詞從句八、否定轉(zhuǎn)移在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞從句(Noun Clauses）。名詞從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組, 它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等，因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。一、引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類：連詞：that（無任何詞意）Whether /if（均表示“是否”表明從句內(nèi)容的不確定性）as if /as though（均表示“好像”，“似乎”）以上在從句中均不充當(dāng)任何成分連接代詞：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom，Whose/ which./whichever,/whomever連接副詞：when, where, how, why不可省略的連詞：。That she was chosen made us very heard the news that our team had 作句子主語的從句叫主語從句。主語從句通常由從屬連詞that，whether，if和連接代詞what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及連接副詞how，when，where，why等詞引導(dǎo)。that在句中無詞義，只起連接作用；連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問含義、又起連接作用，在從句中充當(dāng)從句的成分。例如：What he wants to tell us is not ，還不清楚。直接賓語Who will win the match is still 。主語It is known to us how he became a 。狀語Where the English evening will be held has not yet been ，還沒有宣布。有時為避免句子頭重腳輕，常用形式主語it代替主語從句作形式主語放于句首，而把主語從句置于句末。主語從句后的謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。常用句型如下：（1）It + be + 名詞 + that從句（2）It + be + 形容詞 + that從句（3）It + be + 動詞的過去分詞 + that從句（4）It + 不及物動詞 + that 從句另注意在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等語氣時，謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣“(should)+do”，常用的句型有：It is necessary(important, natural, strange, etc.)that …It is a pity(a shame, no wonder, etc.)that…It is suggested(requested, proposed, desired, etc.)that…三、賓語從句名詞從句用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。引導(dǎo)賓語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語從句表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣，在句中可以作謂語動詞或介詞及非謂語動詞的賓語。由連接詞that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時，that在句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，在口語或非正式的文體中常被省去，但如從句是并列句時,第二個分句前的that不可省。例如：He has told me that he will go to Shanghai 。注意：在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, request, mand等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的動詞后，賓語從句常用“（should）+ 動詞原形”。例如：I insist that she(should)do her work 。The mander ordered that troops(should)set off at 。，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句相當(dāng)于特殊疑問句，應(yīng)注意句子語序要用陳述語序。例如：I want to know what he has told 。She always thinks of how she can work 。，其主語和謂語的順序也不能顛倒，仍保持陳述句語序。此外，whether與if 在作“是否”的意思講時在下列情況下一般只能用whether，不用if：；；；“or not”時；。例如：Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting 。The question is whether she should have a low opinion of the test?Everything depends on whether we have enough 。I wonder whether he will e or 。Can you tell me whether to go or to stay? 你能否告訴我是去還是留？．, believe, imagine, suppose等等動詞引起的否定性賓語從句中，要把上述主句中的動詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄊ?。即將從句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如：We don’t think you are 。I don’t believe he will do 。四、表語從句在句中作表語的從句叫表語從句。引導(dǎo)表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣，表語從句位于連系動詞后，有時用as if引導(dǎo)。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語 + 系動詞 + that從句。例如：The fact is that we have lost the 。That’s just what I 。This is where our problem 。That is why he didn’t e to the 。It looks as if it is going to 。需要注意的，當(dāng)主語是reason時，表語從句要用that引導(dǎo)而不是because。例如：The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning.【注意】whether 可引導(dǎo)表語從句，但與之同義的if卻通常不用于引導(dǎo)表語從句。同位語從句說明其前面的名詞的具體內(nèi)容。同位語從句通常由that引導(dǎo)，可用于同位語從句的名詞有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如：The news that we won the game is 。I have no idea when he will e back 。The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen 。同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別：that作為關(guān)系代詞，可以引導(dǎo)定語從句，充當(dāng)句子成分，在從句中作賓語時可以省略； that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時，起連詞的作用，沒有實際意義，不充當(dāng)句子成分，一般不能省略。試比較下面兩個例句:I had no idea that you were here．（that引導(dǎo)同位語從句，不能省略）五、名詞性that從句1）由從屬連詞that引導(dǎo)的從句叫做名詞性that從句。That只起連接主句和從句的作用，在從句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，本身也沒有詞義。名詞性that從句在句中能充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語、同位語和形容詞賓語，例如：主語：That he is still alive is sheer 。賓語：John said that he was leaving for London on 。表語：The fact is that he has not been seen 。同位語：The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his ，這一事實令辦公室所有的人不安。形容詞賓語：I am glad that you are satisfied with your 。2）That從句作主語通常用it作先行詞，而將that從句置于句末，例如：It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to ，整個計劃注定要失敗。It39。s a pity that you should have to 。用it作形式主語的that從句有以下四種不同的搭配關(guān)系：（重點，需記憶） + be +形容詞+ that從句It is necessary that… 有必要……It is important that… 重要的是……It is obvious that… 很明顯…… + be +ed 分詞+ that從句It is believed that… 人們相信……It is known to all that… 從所周知……It has been decided that… 已決定…… + be +名詞+ that從句It is mon knowledge that… ……是常識It is a surprise that… 令人驚奇的是……It is a fact that… 事實是…… +不及物動詞+ that分句It appears that… 似乎……It happens that… 碰巧……It occurred to me that… 我突然想起……六、名詞性wh從句1）由wh詞引導(dǎo)的名詞從句叫做名詞性wh從句。Wh詞包括who, whom,.whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等連接代詞和where, when, how, why等連接副詞。Wh從句的語法功能除了和that從句一樣外，還可充當(dāng)介詞賓語、賓語補語和間接賓語等，例如：主語： How the book will sell depends on its 。直接賓語：In one39。s own home one can do what one 。間接賓語：The club will give whoever wins a 。表語： My question is who will take over president of the 。賓語補足語：She will name him whatever she wants 。同位語： I have no idea when he will 。形容詞賓語：I39。m not sure why she refused their 。介詞賓語： That depends on where we shall 。2）Wh從句作主語也常用先行詞it做形式主語，而將wh從句置于句末，例如：It is not yet decided who will do that 。It remains unknown when they are going to get 。七、if, whether引導(dǎo)的名詞從句1）yesno型疑問從句從屬連詞if, whether引導(dǎo)的名詞從句是由一般疑問句或選擇疑問轉(zhuǎn)化而來的，因此也分別被稱為yesno型疑問句從句和選擇型疑問從句，其功能和wh從句的功能相同，例如：主語：Whether the plan is feasible remains to be 。賓語：Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before 。表語：The point is whether we should lend him the 。同位語：They are investigating the question whether the man is 。形容詞賓語： She39。s doubtful whether we shall be able to 。介詞賓語： I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his 。2）選擇性疑問從句選擇性疑問從句由關(guān)聯(lián)詞if/whether…or或whether…or not構(gòu)成，例如：Please tell me whether / if they are Swedish or 。I don39。t care whether you like the plan or 。八、否定轉(zhuǎn)移1)將think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等動詞后面賓語從句的否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中，即主句的謂語動詞用否定式，而從句的謂語動詞用肯定式。I don39。t think I know 。I don39。 t believe he will 。注意：若謂語動詞為hope,賓語從句中的否定詞不能轉(zhuǎn)移。I hope you weren39。t 。2)將seem, appear 等后的從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移到前面。It doesn39。t seem that they know where to 。It doesn39。t appear that we39。ll have a sunny day 。3)有時將動名