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淺析中小企業(yè)內(nèi)部控制的現(xiàn)狀、問(wèn)題及對(duì)策-文庫(kù)吧

2024-10-13 20:33 本頁(yè)面


【正文】 管理者對(duì)內(nèi)部控制意識(shí)淡薄在經(jīng)營(yíng)活動(dòng)中,一些中小企業(yè)的經(jīng)營(yíng)流程與大型企業(yè)基本相同,但是,中小企業(yè)不足的是員工較少,往往出現(xiàn)一人身兼多職的情況,缺乏崗位的牽制性,從而造成中小企業(yè)員工對(duì)內(nèi)部控制的認(rèn)識(shí)不足。不光如此,一些中小企業(yè)的管理人員本身就缺乏對(duì)內(nèi)部控制制度的認(rèn)識(shí),認(rèn)為內(nèi)控制度是內(nèi)部會(huì)計(jì)制度,因此,把對(duì)內(nèi)控制度的實(shí)施停留在內(nèi)部會(huì)計(jì)控制上,而參與內(nèi)控管理的也只有財(cái)務(wù)人員而已。改進(jìn)中小企業(yè)內(nèi)部控制的措施41 完善中小企業(yè)的內(nèi)部控制制度首先,中小企業(yè)應(yīng)建立科學(xué)的激勵(lì)制度,在員工為企業(yè)付出努力取得成果的同時(shí),企業(yè)應(yīng)適當(dāng)采取獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)的方式鼓勵(lì)員工,調(diào)動(dòng)員工的積極性。除此之外,加強(qiáng)對(duì)企業(yè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的監(jiān)督,提高員工的法律意識(shí),保護(hù)自己的合法權(quán)益,做到“不做假賬”,保證會(huì)計(jì)信息的真實(shí)性。其次,嚴(yán)格管理企業(yè)資金。針對(duì)中小企業(yè)實(shí)施內(nèi)部控制在財(cái)務(wù)工作方面出現(xiàn)的弊端,有幾點(diǎn)建議:①合理使用資金,中小企業(yè)在使用資金進(jìn)行再創(chuàng)造的同時(shí)要保證企業(yè)資金的日常周轉(zhuǎn)。嚴(yán)格控制庫(kù)存現(xiàn)金,做到不做支現(xiàn)金,日清月結(jié)。②制定一套完整的賒銷(xiāo)政策。中小企業(yè)解決流動(dòng)資金匱乏的主要途徑是加強(qiáng)對(duì)應(yīng)收賬款的管理,提高資金的使用效率。企業(yè)對(duì)于能收回還沒(méi)收回的應(yīng)收賬款應(yīng)采取催收的方法及時(shí)收回,對(duì)于已經(jīng)確認(rèn)了的不能收回的應(yīng)收賬款應(yīng)作為壞賬及時(shí)進(jìn)行會(huì)計(jì)處理。③加強(qiáng)對(duì)存貨的管理。作為中小企業(yè),對(duì)于在生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中產(chǎn)生的廢料邊角料,企業(yè)應(yīng)采取“廢物”再利用的方法,避免不必要的損耗,減少資源浪費(fèi),提高資源利用率,有利于降低企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)成本。對(duì)于存貨等財(cái)產(chǎn)物資,采購(gòu)員應(yīng)進(jìn)行合理采購(gòu),倉(cāng)庫(kù)管理員應(yīng)定期對(duì)存貨進(jìn)行檢查并由記錄人員進(jìn)行記錄,避免存貨積壓在庫(kù)或存貨丟失現(xiàn)象出現(xiàn)。最后,在經(jīng)營(yíng)活動(dòng)中,中小企業(yè)應(yīng)嚴(yán)格遵循國(guó)家的財(cái)經(jīng)法規(guī),保證經(jīng)營(yíng)活動(dòng)的合法性,使企業(yè)能夠達(dá)到預(yù)期目標(biāo),提高企業(yè)的經(jīng)營(yíng)效率。42 強(qiáng)化中小企業(yè)內(nèi)部控制的監(jiān)督針對(duì)于外部監(jiān)督,我國(guó)的政府和社會(huì)應(yīng)該建立適用于中小企業(yè)的監(jiān)督體系,把中小企業(yè)與大型企業(yè)區(qū)別開(kāi)來(lái)。例如,財(cái)政部門(mén)與稅務(wù)部門(mén)加強(qiáng)檢查和監(jiān)督中小企業(yè)的內(nèi)部控制或者政府加大執(zhí)法力度嚴(yán)格監(jiān)督中小企業(yè)內(nèi)控制度的執(zhí)行。針對(duì)內(nèi)部監(jiān)督,內(nèi)部審計(jì)是內(nèi)部控制的重要組成部分,保證內(nèi)部審計(jì)獨(dú)立性最為關(guān)鍵。內(nèi)部審計(jì)既可以監(jiān)督內(nèi)部控制是否在有效的執(zhí)行,還可以發(fā)現(xiàn)內(nèi)控制度的漏洞并改善漏洞。例如:企業(yè)可以進(jìn)行不定期審計(jì),這樣有利于發(fā)現(xiàn)違法違規(guī)行為并遏制違法違規(guī)行為的發(fā)生。43 加強(qiáng)中小企業(yè)內(nèi)部控制管理一方面,建立科學(xué)的管理制度。中小企業(yè)應(yīng)根據(jù)本身的企業(yè)特點(diǎn)制定一套完善的內(nèi)部控制制度,針對(duì)企業(yè)要實(shí)現(xiàn)的目標(biāo)調(diào)整管理組織機(jī)構(gòu),改進(jìn)人員設(shè)置,建立一個(gè)對(duì)企業(yè)極為有利的管理組織結(jié)構(gòu)。同時(shí),做到以人為本,人力資源對(duì)企業(yè)實(shí)施內(nèi)部控制具有推動(dòng)作用。中小企業(yè)應(yīng)該注重員工的招聘,對(duì)員工進(jìn)行培訓(xùn)、繼續(xù)教育以及法制教育,增加員工的法律知識(shí),提高員工的能力和職業(yè)道德,使企業(yè)擁有更多的人才,為企業(yè)創(chuàng)造更大的價(jià)值。另一方面,提高管理者的管理水平。企業(yè)管理者應(yīng)學(xué)會(huì)用科學(xué)的方法對(duì)公司進(jìn)行管理,不能只靠自己多年以來(lái)的經(jīng)驗(yàn),可以通過(guò)參加培訓(xùn)或閱讀一些成功者的書(shū)籍不斷加強(qiáng)自己在管理方面的能力,使管理能力符合現(xiàn)代化社會(huì),與時(shí)俱進(jìn),讓自己的企業(yè)能夠穩(wěn)穩(wěn)地立足于這激烈的市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中。44 提高中小企業(yè)管理者的內(nèi)部控制意識(shí)加強(qiáng)管理者對(duì)內(nèi)部控制的認(rèn)識(shí)并懂得內(nèi)部控制的真正意義,使管理者認(rèn)識(shí)到內(nèi)控控制對(duì)企業(yè)的重要性。加強(qiáng)所有員工對(duì)內(nèi)部控制的認(rèn)識(shí),內(nèi)部控制并不是只針對(duì)于會(huì)計(jì)部門(mén),而是針對(duì)于整個(gè)企業(yè)建立的,企業(yè)的管理者以及所有員工都要參與到內(nèi)部控制之中。結(jié) 論中小企業(yè)的健康發(fā)展,有利于確保國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的穩(wěn)定增長(zhǎng),促進(jìn)市場(chǎng)的繁榮,保證社會(huì)的穩(wěn)定。而中小企業(yè)要想可持續(xù)發(fā)展,就必須建立并且有效實(shí)施內(nèi)部控制制度。所以,在經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的時(shí)代,中小企業(yè)要根據(jù)自身的特點(diǎn)建立符合企業(yè)自身的內(nèi)部控制制度,建造良好的內(nèi)部控制環(huán)境,并在公司管理者的監(jiān)督下實(shí)施。除此之外,我國(guó)的政府也應(yīng)積極給予中小企業(yè)幫助,為中小企業(yè)創(chuàng)造更多的有利條件,同時(shí),針對(duì)中小企業(yè)的特點(diǎn),制定相關(guān)的法律條文保障中小企業(yè)的利益。在政府、社會(huì)的幫助下以及中小企業(yè)不斷的改進(jìn)中,逐步改善內(nèi)部控制中存在的問(wèn)題,充分發(fā)揮內(nèi)部控制在企業(yè)發(fā)展中的作用,使中小企業(yè)發(fā)展擁有更好的前景。Nowadays, more and more small and mediumsized enterprises emerging in the market, every small and medium enterprises will exist in internal control, internal control system is conducive to small and mediumsized enterprises gain a firm foothold in the market economy, causes the enterprise to better , that can not be optimistic, some small and mediumsized enterprise internal control is not perfect, in the market to survive very difficult, is not conducive to the development of small and mediumsized , it is imperative to research of small and mediumsized enterprise internal control, to the small and mediumsized enterprise internal control the emergence of problems are Characteristics of small and medium enterprises With the improvement of the market economy, the small and mediumsized enterprises in our country have established the internal control establish an effective internal system is helpful to achieve business objectives, to ensure the integrity of assets, to ensure the authenticity of accounting our country, the majority of small and mediumsized enterprises are private enterprises, the attitude of the person in charge of the enterprise determines its importance to the internal control system of small and medium addition, small and medium enterprises in our country are small, small scale, the staff management mechanism is not internal control principles of small and medium enterprises 21 effectiveness principle of the enterprise responsible person must pay attention to the implementation of internal control system, internal control system to monitor the effective implementation of the enterprise, otherwise perfect internal control is only in the form each contain the principle of enterprise using the method of cross examination, to allow employees to check each other work for or a work by two and more than two people together to plete, so as to prevent the emergence of problems existing in the internal control of small and medium sized enterprises 31 small and mediumsized enterprise internal control system is not perfect Now, although the small and mediumsized enterprises in the internal control system, but the internal control system is not is mainly reflected in the following three aspects: first, the phenomenon of accounting information distortion exists in small and medium some small and mediumsized enterprises did not establish a reasonable evaluation system and reward and punishment system, thus greatly reducing the staff in the implementation of internal control system of addition, most of the small and mediumsized enterprise leadership in order to achieve tax evasion, cosmetic results, directs accounting personnel to cook the to confusion in accounting, accounting information distortion , asset control is not and mediumsized enterprises in the implementation of internal control system over emphasis on money and neglect of the quality of the staff of the control, resulting in financial work has some drawbacks: the use of funds is not the one hand, small and medium enterprises over emphasis on cash, most cash is not put into the enterprise,
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