【正文】 )定價的計價格局必將形成。 九、 招投標形式不同 《價格法》中規(guī)定了三種定價方式，即政府定價、政府指導價和市 場調(diào)節(jié)價。工程價格應該屬于市場調(diào)節(jié)價的范疇，因為我國工程價格是以招投標方式為核心進行競爭定價，其價格本應是市場調(diào)節(jié)價。長期以來，我國的工程造價管理沿用的是定額模式，由于價格改革沒有到位，在招投標活動中，還設有標底，投標報價及標底是招投標文件中要求的現(xiàn)行定額標準而計算的，在沒有失誤的情況 下，理論上投標報價與標底價應該是相同的，在競標過程中，標底是個中準價，給一定的幅度作為有效標的判定。所以從表面上看，現(xiàn)在的施工承發(fā)包價格是政府指導價，但這只是個過渡時期所采用的辦法，最終要走向市場調(diào)節(jié)?！墩袠送稑朔ā分忻鞔_規(guī)定標底可有可無，強調(diào)無標底的低價法中標，實行工程量清單就是讓市場調(diào)節(jié)價格，這樣從根本上改變了定額模式下套定額取費的計價辦法，由企業(yè)根據(jù)競爭需要、自身實力和在某一特定項目上的需求目標自主確定管理費和利潤水平，通過招投標方式優(yōu)選中標單位，用合同形式確認工程造價。這一價格本質(zhì)上不同于定額模式下 通過層層計算算出的價格，也不同于 “一方愿賣一方愿買一拍即成的 ”簡單的市場交易行為，它既不是投標人任意定價，也不是招標人自由出價，而是在一定市場規(guī)則的引導下，通過報價競爭，由社會加以確認。其關鍵是必須進入一個公平競爭的建筑交易市場。競爭價的結果是在保證質(zhì)量的前提下，節(jié)約招標人的投入，提高投標人的經(jīng)營管理水平，使資源得到更合理的配置。 在清單模式計價的招標投標活動中，確定價格應遵循兩個基本原則，一個是合理低價中標，另一個是要不低于個別成本價。合理低價就是工期合理且最短，施工組織設計的方案足以保證工程 質(zhì)量，施工措施 先進、合理、可行且最佳，投標報價在合理的前提下能足以保證工程的順利完成且最低。成本價是投標人的個別成本，投標人應參加評標委員會對投標人擬采取實現(xiàn)低報價的措施進行評審答辯，評委認為是合理的，是可以實現(xiàn)的，則可認為期低報價是不低于其投標人的個別成本，評標時才認為有效。 英文： fixed price list of works and the price difference In different periods of economic development, building products have different prices, prices of different subjects, different price formation mechanism。fixed price construction methods and inventory valuations of the construction of the market development in different stages of a pricing method main difference between the two: 一、 Prices in different forms and manifestations fixed price pricing between countries and between national steering price. In this mode, works directly by the State price set by the State or to be the guiding standards, the contractor to a certain extent be petition project inventory value of the response of the market price, in this mode, the price of relevant state departments indirect regulation and supervision by the contracts under the construction works in the market demand and supply products independently determine project price changes. 二、 Constitute a different project cost constitute a different form of project cost At the fixed price of units, the cost of direct, indirect costs, fees, profits tax, price calculation, first direct project costs, charges and measures constitute direct costs, the direct costs (or the labor costs) calculated on the fees, profits tax, and the aggregate for the cost. price list of works, construction works by inventory costs (small list works X project prehensive price) list of items, list of items costs, and other charges, fees, taxes 5 parts of the Division for the consideration of the construction of physical exertion and consumption, the separation of consumption expenses of the measures listed only project name of the tender bidding documents for the construction site, and construction programme to determine, in order to reflect on the basis for the construction cost petitive。 consumption expenses of the entities, the list of specific projects, bidders to give each list the overall project cost. different subproject price At the fixed price hours of work of the unit price is expected that only include labour, materials, machinery, Engineering Projects in inventory value of the unit price in general, in addition, artificial materials, machinery, also including management fees (site management costs and management fees, profits and risks. An integrated unit more directly reflects the price of the project, including a part of the project works entities and other measures, the actual prices paid for works, the cost of adjustment and settlement projects, and to avoid the fee of some unnecessary disputes. The direct costs, integrated unit costs and profits by bidders and actual expenditures under the enterprise profits, bidding strategy is expected that the costs of the actual cost of construction enterprises, the prices of individual projects. A prehensive report of the unit price of a particular market petition, the process. 三、 Divided into different units of the project The Project Division at the fixed price fixed budget allocation of items, mainly in the construction process, single (there is a process that is a price, the Division was that the different parts of the project, different materials, technology, construction machinery, construction methods and materials model, divided into 10 in detail. inventory value of construction projects in specific projects for entities of the fixed allocation of more prehensive, will form