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【正文】 系 的異同 ,討論 綜合東亞空間規(guī)劃 的課題和可能性 。 迄今為止 ,日本和韓國(guó) 的國(guó)土規(guī)劃體系 已經(jīng)進(jìn)行了比較研究 階段 ,但 從 空間規(guī)劃的角度 對(duì) 三個(gè)國(guó)家 的比較研究還未進(jìn)行。我們主要 在 每一個(gè)國(guó)家 的 規(guī)劃系統(tǒng)的相關(guān)文獻(xiàn) 、 政府的官方網(wǎng)站 上 闡明了本篇研究的目的。我們 按照整個(gè)大空間規(guī)劃把每個(gè)國(guó)家 分為 國(guó)家、地區(qū)、城市區(qū)域和非城市區(qū)域 四類 ,討論 垂直和水平的關(guān)系。 1 National Territory Planning System of Japan The Comprehensive National Development Act(1950), Land Use Planning Act(1974) and City Planning Act (1968) support Japanese major spatial planning (Table 1). These are all under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Land, infrastructure and Transport. The CNDP provides tongrange visions on nationwide land use, development and conservation, social overhead capital, and a traffic policy. According this plan, the CPDP and MLP are to be prepared. The Plans provided by Land Use Planning Act includes NLP and PLP on the perspective of effective national land use and LUMP that classified prefectural land use into five areas (town, agriculture, forest, natural park and natural conservation area). Fig. 1 shows that there are main two spatial plans by two acts at national and regional level, but the relation and a role sharing between the acts and plans of urban area and nonurban area are the MLP by Land Use Planning Act and the CP by City Planning Act, but the relation between the two is not clear and actually the only CP plays a key role to control land use. it is clear that the Japanese national territory planning is divided into NLP and CP and the role of regional planning is relatively small. Therefore the area that is closely covered by main three acts is only 39。city planning area39。, the other nonurban area is depended on other related acts (). The area classification by LUMP supports petent ministries and acts, and separate plans are applied to each area. In other words, one may say that the Japanese national territory planning stresses the urban areas39。 plans and in nonurban areas there is no prehensive plan that unifies the related plans (Fig. 1) and a frame/role of regional planning is relatively weak. 一 、日本的國(guó)土規(guī)劃系統(tǒng) 綜合國(guó)家發(fā)展行動(dòng) (1950 年 )、土地利用總體規(guī)劃 (1974 年 )和城市規(guī)劃條例(1968)都 支持日本主要的空間規(guī)劃 (表 1)。這些都是其管轄下的土地、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、運(yùn)輸。 CNDP 提供 在全國(guó)土地利 用 、 保護(hù)和發(fā)展、社會(huì)資本 ,交通政策 的概念規(guī)劃 。根據(jù)該 規(guī)劃 ,CPDP 和 MLP 已經(jīng)開(kāi)始 準(zhǔn)備。這個(gè) 能提供 土地利用總體規(guī)劃 的計(jì)劃 包括對(duì)國(guó)家 土地利用 分類 的 PLP 和 NLP 和 對(duì) 縣級(jí)土地利用分 成 五類 (鎮(zhèn) 、農(nóng)、林、天然公園和自然保護(hù) 區(qū) )的 LUMP。圖 1 顯示了 兩個(gè) 在國(guó)家和地區(qū)的水平 上主要的 空間計(jì)劃的行為 ,但這種關(guān)系和角色 被 行為和計(jì)劃分享 ， 市區(qū)和非市 區(qū)域 的代表計(jì)劃 是由土地利用總體規(guī)劃 的的 MLP 和城市規(guī)劃的 CP,但二者之間的關(guān)系尚不清楚 ,其實(shí)只有CP 扮演著關(guān)鍵的角色來(lái)控制土地使用。很明顯 ,日本國(guó)土規(guī)劃分為 NLP 和 CP，而區(qū)域規(guī)劃的影響 是 較小 的 。因此 ,市區(qū)主要由三 個(gè) 行為 控制 ,而 其他的非 市 區(qū)是依靠其它相關(guān)的行為。 LUMP 對(duì) 這個(gè)地區(qū) 的分類支持 主管部門和行為 ,并 單獨(dú)應(yīng)用于各區(qū)域 計(jì)劃中 。換句話說(shuō) ,日本國(guó)土規(guī)劃強(qiáng)調(diào)城市地區(qū)的計(jì)劃和非地區(qū)并沒(méi)有全面結(jié)合相關(guān)計(jì)劃 ,區(qū)域規(guī)劃 還相對(duì)薄弱。 Territory Planning System of China The Land Management Act (1986), City Planning Act (1989), and the Village and Country Planning Regulations (1993) support Chinese major spatial planning. The petent ministries are classified into the Ministry of Land and Resources , the Ministry of Construction , and the National Development and Reform Commission. Under the Land Management Act the administrative authorities (upper level of prefecture) prepare the CNLUP to classify the future land use and control, to regulate volume of construction site, and to protect farmlands. Under the City Planning Act, the NTCP provides a longrange hierarchy of cities39。 population size and city planning area in the
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