【正文】 d inland waterway transport） – 4 種： FOB/FAS/CIF/CFR ? 多式聯(lián)運術(shù)語 (Terms for any model of transport) – 7 種： EXW/FCA/CPT/CIP/DAT/DAP/DDP ? ?完善了術(shù)語介紹和使用指南 – 如何使用《 Incoterms174。 2023》 ? 不自動適用； ? 不替代合同，不高于法律； ? 選擇適當(dāng)?shù)男g(shù)語； ? 明確交貨點 – 可用于國內(nèi)貿(mào)易 – 使用指南（ Guidance Note) ? 每個術(shù)語的背景、風(fēng)險和費用基本概況； ? 僅是解釋性說明，不是術(shù)語的組成部分 ? 電子通訊（ Electronic Communication） – 電子單據(jù)可替代所有紙質(zhì)單據(jù) ? 保險 – 新修訂的 ICC條款（ 2023年）； – 互供保險信息（ Information Duty) ? 與清關(guān)所需的安全信息責(zé)任 ? 鏈?zhǔn)浇灰祝?String Sales) – 初級產(chǎn)品的路貨交易（ sell/buy afloat) – 在交易鏈中的賣方（ subsequent buyer)，其交貨不再是 ship the goods on board，而是procure goods shipped（通常憑指示提單） – 試圖滲透傳統(tǒng)上由 SOGA控制的大宗初級產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易的嘗試 ? 重要詞語的解釋 – Carrier：與其簽訂運輸合同的一方（訂約承運人） – Delivery：多義，此處為風(fēng)險轉(zhuǎn)移點； – Electronic Record：等同于 Paper Documents – 海關(guān)手續(xù)、包裝、交貨單據(jù) ? 術(shù)語的變形（ Variants) – 在合同中明確規(guī)定，不用縮寫； – 若變形涉及費用（ costs)，最好在合同中說明，風(fēng)險（ Risk）劃分是否同時變化，即Delivery/risk point 和 Costs point 是否同時變化 ? ?調(diào)整了部分義務(wù)分配和文字表述 《 Incoterms 174。2023 》 的結(jié)構(gòu) (the Structure of Incoterms 174。2023) ? 解釋了 11種貿(mào)易術(shù)語 ? 按適用的運輸方式分為兩大類 – 適用于任何或多種運輸方式的術(shù)語（ Terms for Any or More Modes of Transport）為七種 ? EXW FCA CPT CIP DAT DAP DDP – 適用于海運和內(nèi)陸水路運輸方式的術(shù)語（ Terms for Sea and Inland Waterway Transport）為四種 ? FAS FOB CFR CIF ? 買賣雙方各自的義務(wù)規(guī)定仍為十項 ? 賣方在每一項目中的地位對應(yīng)了買方在同一項目中的相應(yīng)地位，但采用逐項平列，左右對照方式（ Aseller’ s obligation。 Bbuyer’ s obligation) – 例如： A1 賣方的一般義務(wù) (General obligations of the seller) – B1 買方的一般義務(wù) (General obligations of the buyer) 三、《 Incoterms 174。 2023》 11種貿(mào)易術(shù)語 1. EXW – “ Ex Works” means that the seller delivers when it places the goods at the disposal of the buyer at the seller’ s premises or at another named place (., works, factory, warehouse, etc.). For the seller to deliver the goods, it does not need to load the goods on any collecting vehicle。 neither does it need to clear the goods for export, where such clearance is applicable. – Ex Works represents the minimum obligation for the seller. EXW – 屬啟運合同 /發(fā)貨合同 (departure contract) – 賣方在其所在地（工廠或倉庫）將貨物交付給買方即完成交貨義務(wù)。 ? 適用的運輸方式 ―― 任何運輸方式（一種或多種） ? 交貨地點 ―― 賣方所在地或其他指定地（工廠、工場、或倉庫等）將貨物交付買方處置（賣方不負(fù)責(zé)將貨物裝上任何運輸工具） ? 風(fēng)險劃分點 ―― 賣方所在地或其他指定地 ? 費用劃分點 ―― 賣方所在地或其他指定地 ? 出口清關(guān) ―― 買方 EXW 裝車 （ EXW loaded） EXW the added obligation for the seller to load the goods on the buyer’ s collecting vehicle ? 適用于國內(nèi)貿(mào)易 ， 國際貿(mào)易 FCA更適用 2. FCA、 FAS 、 FOB －主運費未付術(shù)語 (Main Carriage Unpaid） ? 買方負(fù)責(zé)訂立運輸合同，支付運費 – 屬裝運合同 （ shipment contract） ? 賣方在合同規(guī)定的裝運地 /港將貨物交付至買方指定的承運人 /船邊 /船上，即履行了交貨義務(wù)。 – 賣方負(fù)責(zé)出口清關(guān)，買方負(fù)責(zé)進(jìn)口清關(guān) ? Contract of insurance – There is no obligation owed by the seller to the buyer to make a contract of insurance. However, the seller must provide the buyer, upon request, with the necessary information for procuring insurance. FAS與 FOB的比較 ? FAS…named port of shipment 船邊交貨 …… （指定裝運港） ? seller’ s primary duty – deliver the goods alongside the ship – provide an “ alongside receipt” – provide export clearance ? buyer’ s primary duty – nominate carrier – contract for the carriage ? FOB…(named port of shipment) 船上交貨（ …… 指定裝運港） ? seller’ s primary duty – delivery the goods on board the vessel or to procure goods delivered for the destination . – provide a clean on board receipt – pay loading costs not included in the freight – arrange export clearance ? buyer’ s primary duty – nominate carrier – contract for carriage – pay unloading costs FAS (Free Alongside Ship) ? FAS means that the seller delivers when the goods are placed alongside the vessel, ., on a quay or a barge, at the named port of shipment. This means that the buyer has to bear all costs and risks of loss of or damage to the goods from that moment onwards. FOB( Free On Board) ? “ Free on Board” means that the seller delivers the goods on board the vessel nominated by the buyer at the named port of shipment or procures the goods already so delivered. The risk of loss of or damage to the goods passes when the goods are board the vessel, the buyer bearing all risks from that moment onwards. ? 相同點： – 適用的運輸方式 — 海洋運輸與內(nèi)河運輸； – 出口清關(guān)辦理 賣方 ? FAS術(shù)語的出口清關(guān)由賣方負(fù)責(zé)，是《 INCOTERMS 2023》的一個重要修改 ? FASWhere the goods are packed in containers, it is typical for the seller to hand the goods over to the carrier at a terminal and not alongside the vessel. In such situations, the FAS term would be inappropriate, and the FCA term should be used. ? The FOB term is not appropriate for use where goods are handed over to the carrier at a point other than the ship’ s rail, for example goods in containers, which are typically delivered at a terminal, or for loading on a rollon/rolloff or LASH ship. In such situations, the FCA term should be used. ? 不同點： FAS FOB – 交貨點：裝運港船邊 裝運港船上 (碼頭或駁船 ) – 風(fēng)險點：裝運港船邊 裝運港船上 – 費用點：裝運港船邊 裝運港船上 ? 程租船運輸方式下，采用 FOB術(shù)語成交，應(yīng)明確卸貨費用由何方負(fù)責(zé)。通常采用貿(mào)易術(shù)語的變形，如： FOB Liner Terms。 FOB Under Tackle；FOB Stowed。 FOB Trimmed； FOBST 等。 ? FAS – 明確規(guī)定 loading point at the shipment(如具體港區(qū)），因各港口的 handling charge水平差異很大 ? FOB賣方責(zé)任 – 賣方必須在指定的裝運港，于買方指明的裝載地點（如有的話）將貨物放置于買方指定的船上，或取得已如此于交付的貨物作為交貨。但在任何情況下，賣方均必須在約定的日期或約定的期間內(nèi)， 按照該港口的慣常方式交貨。 – （ A4 交貨 The seller must deliver the goods either by placing them on board the vessel nominated by the buyer at the loading point, if any, indicated by the buyer at the named port of shipment or by procuring the goods so delivered. In either cases, the seller must deliver the goods on the agreed date or within the agreed period and in the manner customary at the port.) – 賣方負(fù)擔(dān)貨物滅失或損壞的一切風(fēng)險，直至貨物已如 A4規(guī)定交付為止。（ A5 風(fēng)險轉(zhuǎn)移 The seller must bear all risks of loss of or damage to the