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世博會是一次全球的盛會 , 所采用的重大主題是 “ 城市 , 讓生活更美好 ” 。adopt表示 “ 采納; 采??; 采用 ” 。 (3)Here is a textbook________to the needs of Chinese students. A. attached B. appealed C. submitted D. adapted 答案: D 本題題意:這是一本適合中國學生需要的教科書。 adapt to表示 “ 適合;適應 ” 。 3. absence n. 缺席;不在某處 ① Every time after a long absence from school, I feel really stupid. 每次長期缺課之后 , 我就感到很愚蠢 。 ② Behave yourself in my absence. 我不在的時候你要規(guī)矩點 。 ③ In the absence of evidence, the police had to let him go. 由于缺乏證據 , 警察只好把他放了 。 ④ Darkness is the absence of light. 黑暗就是沒有光亮 。 [知識拓展 ] (1)in the absence of 沒有 ?? , 缺乏 ?? (2)in one39。s absence 當某人不在時 (3)be absent from 缺席 , 不在 [詞語辨析 ] lack, absence與 shortage (1)lack是普通用詞 , 指部分或完全的不足 。 The drought was caused by a lack of water. 干旱是由缺水引起的 。 (2)absence指某物根本不存在或完全短缺 , 也可指某人雖存在 , 但未到現場 。 His absence from the meeting made the boss angry. 他沒有參加會議 , 這使老板很生氣 。 (3)shortage不足 , 側重指達不到規(guī)定的 、 需要的錢或已知應有的數量 。 Shortage of skilled workers is our main difficulty at present. 缺乏熟練工人是我們目前遇到的主要困難 。 [知識運用 ] 用 absence, lack或 shortage填空 。 (1)Many health problems are linked to a poor diet and a relative________of exercise. (2)The government is making efforts to solve the problem of housing________. (3)Poverty and the________of hope are real causes for antisocial behaviour. 答案: (1)lack (2)shortage (3)absence 4. annoy vt. 使 ?? 不悅;惹惱 ① She annoyed him with her stupid questions. 她問的傻問題惹他生氣了 。 ② It really annoys me when people fet to say thank you. 有人連謝謝都忘記說時 , 我確實感到不愉快 。 ③ We39。re annoyed at this cavalier treatment of his old friends. 他用這種傲慢的態(tài)度對待老朋友 , 我們都感到氣憤 。 [ 知識拓展 ] b e /ge t ann oye d????? at /ab out/f or sth. 因某事生氣w ith s b . 對某人生氣;對某人厭煩b y 被 ?? 惹惱 [詞語辨析 ] annoy與 bother 這兩個詞都含有 “ 使惱怒 ” 或 “ 使煩惱 ” 的意思 。 (1)annoy指由于干擾 、 不順利或受不了某種外界情況等而 “ 使煩惱 、 懊惱 ” 。 I was annoyed by his bad manners. 他的無禮使我很惱怒 。 (2)bother指不停地 “ 擾亂 、 麻煩 ” ;使人不能安寧 ,而產生煩惱的心理 。 Pardon me for bothering you with such a small matter. 請原諒我為這點小事麻煩你 。 [知識運用 ] (1)Hey, your cell phone ringer sounds really________. Can you switch it to silent mode? A. disturbing B. annoying C. bothering D. interrupting 答案: B 本題題意:喂 , 你手機的鈴聲聽起來真的很煩 。 你可不可以切換到靜音模式 ? annoying 為形容詞 ,表示 “ 令人煩惱的; 令人討厭的 ” 。 disturbing 作為形容詞 , 表示 “ 煩擾的 , 擔心的 , 令人不安的 ” 。 例如: He has had some disturbing experiences. 他有過一些使他很不安的經歷 。 (2)單句改錯 ① The boy was annoyed his father by asking silly questions. ________________________________________________________________________ ② She got annoyed at him for his being late. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案: ① 去掉 was ② at→ with 5. encouragement n. [U, C, usually sing.]激勵 , 鼓勵 ① Mike received a lot of encouragement from his teacher. 老師給了邁克很大的鼓勵 。 ② His words were all encouragement to me. 他的話鼓舞了我 。 [知識拓展 ] (1)encourage v. 鼓勵 , 激勵 The teacher encouraged me to speak out my idea. 老師鼓勵我大聲說出我的觀點 。 (2)encouraging adj. 令人振奮的 , 振奮人心的 The news that he won the first place is encouraging. 他獲得第一的消息令人振奮 。 (3)encouraged adj. 感到鼓舞的 We were encouraged by his encouraging speech. 聽了他振奮人心的演講我們備受鼓舞 。 (4)discourage v. 使泄氣 His parents discouraged him from smoking. 他父母勸他不要吸煙 。 [知識運用 ] (1)(2020北京- 23)My advisor encouraged________a summer course to improve my writing skills. A. for me taking B. me taking C. for me to take D. me to take 答案: D 本題題意:我的導師鼓勵我參加暑期培訓班來提高我的寫作技巧 。 encourage sb. to do “ 鼓勵某人做某事 ” 。 (2)Under the enthusiastic________of the audience on the way, Joeb pleted the race in four hours and 25 minutes. A. agreement B. ment C. encouragement D. disappointment 答案: C 本題題意:在沿途觀眾熱情的鼓勵下 , 喬布以 4小時 25分鐘跑完全程 。 encouragement表示 “ 鼓勵 ” 。 (3)Hearing his________words, I feel________. A. encourage。 encouraged B. encouraging。 encouraged C. encouraged。 encouraging