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g at the desk, doing her homework. My father worked in this school ten years ago. You’d better stay here. 狀 語 Examples: Oh! What is that?。@嘆詞) He has, alas, failed again. Come here, John.(呼語) Roll on, Ocean, roll on. 句中可以去掉的成份,去掉后不影響句子的完整性。這種成份和句子的其他詞沒有語法的關(guān)系。 獨立成份 ( You) Come here. ( I wish you) Good luck! Some gave him praises, but others( gave him) rotten eggs. He runs as fast as, if ( he does ) not ( run ) faster, than you. ( I ) Hope you like it. John should clean the room today and Peter ( should clean it ) tomorrow. 句中被省略的成份,雖然未說出來,卻在句中表示一定的意思: 省略成份 連接成份實際上是一個連詞,用來連接兩個或幾個平行的詞、短語和分句。這種連詞叫做 并列連詞 。 另一類連接成份是用來連接兩個句子、且一個句子從屬于另一個句子(即從句)的連詞。這類連詞叫 從屬連詞 。從屬連詞主要用于引導(dǎo)各種從句。 一個完整的句子(主句或從句)必須包含 2個到 4個基本成分,此外,如果意思上有需要,還可包含一個或更多其他的句子成份。 連接成份 簡單句只有一個限定動詞(即只有一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)),它是最小的句子單位。主要起下列四種作用中的一種。 ? 作一種陳述 ? 提出一個問題 ? 發(fā)出一種命令或請求 ? 表示一種感嘆 Examples: The boy hit the dog. / The dog bit the boy. The girl read the books. / The books pleased the girl. Stephen apologized at once. Does the shop close at 7 tonight? Shut the door. What a slow train this is! 簡單句的基本詞序 主語 動詞部分 賓語 狀語 (謂語) 方式 地點 時間 I bought a hat yesterday. The children ran home. The taxi driver shouted at me angrily. We ate our meal in silence. The car stopped suddenly. A young girl walked confidently in the room. They drove him away in a police car. 簡單句的擴展成份 簡單句的主語、賓語可以加上一個短語(如定語)來擴展,及物動詞或不及物動詞也可以與其它短語(如狀語)連用進行擴展。 I bought a rain coat with a warm lining. The dog jumped through the window. He is saving up to buy a mobile phone. A bright little boy with rosy cheeks put three bottles of milk quietly on my doorstep before seven o’clock. He worked like a madman in the garden on Saturday. The young girl with long black hair seems to be very happy. 兩個簡單句的主語可以用 and、 but、 both.