【正文】 based on the information you have at hand它是基于你所掌握的信息而采取的行動(dòng) ? May be as extensive as stopping all shipments or as minimal as doing nothing at all它可能大到停止所有發(fā)運(yùn)，也可能小到什么都不做 ? Is an immediate implementation you don39。t spend a lot of time researching an ERA是立即就要采取的措施 ——你不必事先花很多時(shí)間來(lái)研究應(yīng)急措施 14 Determine the need for an ERA 考慮采取緊急應(yīng)變行動(dòng)需要作何準(zhǔn)備 ? An ERA is not always necessary并不是所有故障都需要采取應(yīng)急措施 ? The seriousness of the problem and its effect on the customer will determine if an ERA is required應(yīng)該根據(jù)故障的嚴(yán)重性和它對(duì)顧客產(chǎn)生的影響來(lái)確定是否需要采取應(yīng)急措施 ? Where immediate action is required due to the seriousness of the problem, an ERA may be implemented before the G8D team is formed根據(jù)故障的嚴(yán)重性來(lái)決定如何采取應(yīng)急措施。在成立全球 8D的團(tuán)隊(duì)之前就可以采取應(yīng)急措施了 15 Select and Verify an ERA ? To make sure an ERA will protect customers, you need to verify it to ensure it will work as expected and does not introduce a new failure mode. 為了確定應(yīng)急措施可以保護(hù)消費(fèi)者，需要驗(yàn)證它以保證它按照期望的狀態(tài)進(jìn)行，并且不會(huì)導(dǎo)致新的失效模式 ? You can verify an ERA on a nonproduction product such as a prototype or puter simulation.你可以在非產(chǎn)品上面做 ERA的驗(yàn)證，比如采用模型或者計(jì)算機(jī)模擬的方式 16 G8D Application Criteria 8D的適用標(biāo)準(zhǔn) six criteria for initiating the Global 8D process: 開(kāi)始進(jìn)行 8D需要滿(mǎn)足六個(gè)要求 defined 該故障的定義 have been identified 顧客是經(jīng)過(guò)鑒別的 gap exists該故障存在改進(jìn)的空間 is unknown 起因未知 is mitted to fixing the problem at the root cause level and preventing recurrence 管理層致力于從根本起因的層面去解決故障并采取預(yù)防措施防止故障再次發(fā)生 of the symptom exceeds the ability of one person to solve the problem 故障很復(fù)雜，不可能單憑一個(gè)人的能力完成 17 8 Disciplines of Problem Solving 解決問(wèn)題的 8項(xiàng)紀(jì)律 D1 Form the Team 建立團(tuán)隊(duì) 18 D1 Form The Team建立團(tuán)隊(duì) ? Size 規(guī)模 – 5 to 7 Core Members 57位核心成員 ? Support Needed 所需支持 – What level of the anization 組織結(jié)構(gòu)中的哪一層次 ? Change 改變 – According to needs 根據(jù)需要 ? Roles 角色 – Define roles/responsibilities – 確定角色 /責(zé)任 19 D1 Form The Team建立團(tuán)隊(duì) CAUTIONS注意 ! ! ! ? Ensure crossfunctional team members 確保有多個(gè)功能部門(mén)的團(tuán)隊(duì)成員 ? Include process owners (those who do the work) 要包括過(guò)程當(dāng)事人 (實(shí)際作這項(xiàng)工作的人員 ) ? Include champion and leader as roadblock removers 要包括團(tuán)隊(duì)負(fù)責(zé)人和團(tuán)隊(duì)組長(zhǎng)作為路障排除人 Team Synergy 團(tuán)隊(duì)協(xié)作 One of the main reasons for forming a team at step D1 is to gain synergy 在 D1階段成立團(tuán)隊(duì)的主要原因之一在于開(kāi)展團(tuán)隊(duì)協(xié)作 Synergy occurs when the whole of a team‘s output is greater than the sum of its inputs 當(dāng)團(tuán)隊(duì)的輸出大于其輸入時(shí)，意味著團(tuán)隊(duì)協(xié)作發(fā)生作用了 Synergistic teams can outperform petitors who may be more skilled or have better or more resources 一個(gè)相互協(xié)作的團(tuán)隊(duì)可以遠(yuǎn)勝于一個(gè)技能更高或資源更多更好的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手 21 8 Disciplines of Problem Solving 解決問(wèn)題的 8項(xiàng)紀(jì)律 D2 Describe the Issue描述問(wèn)題 22 D2 – ―Describe the Problem‖ D2 描述問(wèn)題 ? D2 drives the rest of the 8D process, because establishing a clear problem statement and an objective problem description during D2 leads to effective problem solving. ? D2驅(qū)動(dòng) 8D的其他步驟，因?yàn)樵?D2中需要把問(wèn)題陳述清楚并擬定清晰的目標(biāo)，這樣才能使團(tuán)隊(duì)能夠迅速有效的解決問(wèn)題。 ? D2 helps teams focus on the real problem and avoid jumping to conclusions or making unsubstantiated assumptions about the 題本身，避免憑主觀的假設(shè)判斷問(wèn)題，或者對(duì)問(wèn)題作出毫無(wú)現(xiàn)實(shí)根據(jù)的判斷。 23 D2 Describe the Issue 描述問(wèn)題 ? Define the issue in terms of what is wrong with what 用“什么出現(xiàn)了什么問(wèn)題”的方式來(lái)進(jìn)行描述 ? WHAT 什么 – Object was the issue seen on 出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題的事物 – What defect was seen 出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題 ? WHERE 何處 – Seen on Object 在什么東西上 – Seen Geographically 在哪些地區(qū) – (Supplier, Customer, Etc.) (哪些供應(yīng)商 ,客戶(hù) ,等 ) 24 D2 Describe the Issue描述問(wèn)題 ? WHEN 何時(shí) – First seen 何時(shí)首次發(fā)現(xiàn) – When else seen 何時(shí)重復(fù)發(fā)現(xiàn) – When seen in the process – 何時(shí)在工序 /程序中發(fā)現(xiàn) ? HOW BIG 多大 – How many objects have the defect 有多少有缺陷的事物 – How many defects per object 每件事物上有多少缺陷 – What is the trend 趨勢(shì)如何 25 D2 Describe the Issue描述問(wèn)題 ? TOOLS TO USE 可用工具 – Process flow diagram 工序流程圖 – Check sheets to collect data 用檢查表來(lái)收集數(shù)據(jù) – Any data that is reporting the issue 反映問(wèn)題的任何數(shù)據(jù) ? Customer plaints 客戶(hù)抱怨 ? Current SPC/Data collection sheets 現(xiàn)有的 SPC/數(shù)據(jù)收集表 ? PFMEA 過(guò)程 FMEA ? Scrap/rework reports 廢品 /返工報(bào)表 26 Repeated Why‘s 反復(fù)問(wèn) “ 為什么 ” Here’s an example of “repeated whys” or “stair stepping”:下面是 “ 反復(fù)提問(wèn) ” 和 “ 步驟 ” 的例子 ： You‘ve received a customer plaint a