【正文】 1 2 Course Objectives 課程目標 ? After pleting this course you should be able to: /完成這門課程之后你應該能夠 : – 識別哪類問題適合運用 8D工具 – Describe each step in the 8D process 描述 8D工具中的每個步驟的功能和目標 – Effectively participate as a 8D team member in your workplace 在你的工作崗位上以一個 8D團隊成員的身份積極有效地參與。 3 Overview of the 8D Process 8D程序綜述 ? The 8D process 8D程序 : – Asks why a product or process is operating outside of a performance standard 思考一種產品或過程為什么會運行于其性能標準之外 – Seeks to define and understand a problem 尋求對于故障的定義和理解 – Provides a mechanism for identifying root cause and implementing appropriate corrective action 提供一種識別故障根本起因的機制并執(zhí)行合適的矯正行為 – Identifies the need for systemic changes, preventing the recurrence of a problem and other similar problems 識別系統(tǒng)變化的需要，預防同一個故障以及其他類似故障的重現(xiàn) – Emphasizes team synergy 強調團隊的協(xié)作 4 Types of Problem situations 兩種故障類型 There are two types of problem situations: 有兩種故障類型 : ? Changeinduced situations變異引起的情況 ? Neverbeenthere situations 從未發(fā)生過的情況 5 8D and 6Sigma DMAIC 8D和 6Sigma DMAIC ? The G8D process is particularly suited to the resolution of change induced problems, or special cause. 8D程序對于解決變異或者說特殊起因導致的故障的效果是顯著的。 ? The 6Sigma process is especially suited to the resolution of never been there problems, or mon cause. ? 6Sigma方法尤其適合解決從未發(fā)生過的或者說共通起因導致的故障。 6 Change Induced (8D) 變異導致 (8D) ? Initially, the system operates as expected, but at some point it suddenly deviates from the expected performance level. 起初，系統(tǒng)按預期效果運行，但是在某個節(jié)點上它突然背離了預期的性能水平 ? The deviation might be ongoing, intermittent, or a onetime event (where there is always the potential it can reoccur). 這種背離也許會持續(xù)、間斷或者僅僅是一次事件（在潛在的某個位置會重新發(fā)生） ? If the deviation is intermittent it might happen randomly or in a pattern. 如果這種背離是間斷的，它也許會無規(guī)律地發(fā)生，或者按照某種模式發(fā)生 ? Changeinduced problems do not go away until the root cause is found. 變異導致的故障直到根本起因發(fā)現(xiàn)之后才會消失 7 Never Been There (DMAIC) 從未發(fā)生過 (DMAIC) ? The performance of a system has never achieved the expected level. 一種系統(tǒng)的性能從未達到過預期的水平 ? The system has operated below expectations from day one (incapable process).系統(tǒng)從施行那天起就低于預期水平（無法勝任的程序） ? Neverbeenthere problems sometimes are called a dayone deviation. 從未發(fā)生過的故障有時稱為本身背離故障。 ? Neverbeenthere problems may be due to a number of factors including inadequate design and mon cause variation 從未發(fā)生過的故障可能是由于許多因素所致，包括不適當?shù)脑O計和共通起因的變更 8 Phases of the 8D Process 8D程序的幾個階段 ? D0 Prepare for the global 8D process D0 全球 8D程序的準備 ? D1 Establish the team D1 創(chuàng)建工作團隊 ? D2 Describe the problem D2 故障描述 ? D3 Develop Interim Containment Actions (ICAs) D3 制定 臨時控制措施 D4 Define and verify root cause and escape point D4 定義并驗證根本起因和逃逸點 9 Phases of the 8D Process 8D程序的幾個階段 ? D5 Choose and verify Permanent Corrective Actions (PCAs) for root cause and escape point D5 能夠針對根本起因和忽略點來選擇并確認永久性的改正行動 ? D6 Implement and validate Permanent Corrective Actions (PCAs) D6 執(zhí)行并驗證永久性改正行動 ? D7 Prevent recurrence D7 預防問題的重復發(fā)生 ? D8 Recognise team and individual contribution D8 肯定團隊及個人的貢獻 10 各章節(jié)目標 : –定義 D0的目標 –確定緊急反應行為是否是必需的 –描述緊急反應行為 –區(qū)別核實確認和批準確認 –選定，檢驗，執(zhí)行以及驗證緊急反應行為 –確定是否使用 8D來解決故障 –描述故障 /清單評估的作用 D0 – “8D過程的準備” 11 Why Should I Prepare for the Global 8D Process? 我為什么要為全球 8D過程做準備 ? ? The 8D process can be intensive. A lot of time, people, and resources can be involved and wasted, if using the process is not justified. 8D過程應該是徹底的。很多時候，如果過程使用不適當，人力和財力將會很棘手并造成浪費。 ?D0 helps you focus on the problem so that you use resources efficiently. D0幫助你集中精力于故障，所以你可以有效地使用資源。 Prepare for the 8D Process 8D過程的準備 12 An Emergency Response Action (ERA) is any action taken to protect customers and affected parties from a symptom while you determine if a 8D is necessary. 緊急反應行動（ ERA）是在你確認 8D是否必要后所采取的行動，目的在于保護顧客及相關受影響的對象不致因一癥狀而蒙受損失。 – A customer is a person, anisation, or class of driver experiencing symptoms. 顧客可以是一個人，一個組織，或者驅動癥狀產生的某類事物。 – Affected parties are people, anisations, or classes of drivers who are or will potentially be affected by a symptom. 受影響的對象可以是人，組織，或者被癥狀影響或存在潛在影響的某些類事物。 Emergency Response Actions 緊急反應行動 13 Emergency Response Actions 緊急應變行動 ? Is