農(nóng)業(yè)水資源-文庫吧
2024-12-22 03:01 本頁面
【正文】 to 2023. The The average annual precipitation during was mm from 1955 to 1979, while that was mm from 1980 to 2023, decreased about %.Attribution: Increase in drought frequency pMain Water issues: Climate change In2023–2023,60yearsrecorddroughthitNorthernChinaThe distribution of Drought in the spring of 2023Wheat seedings that have withered in NCP?Consecutive82dayswithoutraininBeijing,– the longest period without precipitation in 60 yearsThirstyDry landscapeSharplyincreasedwaterconsumptionintheNCPleadtothedramaticdecreaseinstreamflowintotheBohaiseainlasthalfcentury.Annualstreamflow intotheseadecreaseddramatically,fromkm3in1960stokm3duringtheyears2023to2023,decreasedabout90%.The streamflow into Bohai sea in the last half centuryGroundwaterdepletionintheregionsoftheUS,Europe,ChinaandIndiaandtheMiddleEastfortheyear2023(mma?1).Wadaetal.,2023,GeophysicalResearchLetters. Groundwater depletion a worldwide issueThe NCP is one of the four regions which have serious issues of groundwater depletionNCPGroundwateroverdraft:severinNCPThe North China Plain is the major consumer of groundwater, accounting for 44% of the whole country’s groundwater use.The annual groundwater use for China was about billion m3, among which billion m3 (%) was consumed by northern China. The North China Plain has bee one of the most overexploited regions in the world Annualgroundwaterwithdrawalaveragedfrom1997to2023inChina(dataefromtheChineseMinistryofWaterResources)pMain Water issues: Groundwater depletion Ground fissure resulting from overdraft of groundwater in the North China Plain (in Hebei province）The depth to groundwater was meters in 1978, and has been subsequently reduced to meters in 2023, with an average annual decline rate of meters Longterm(theyearfrom1972to2023)dataofgroundwaterlevelhasbeenrecordedattheLuanchengNationalStation(locatedintheNorthChinaPlain),amemberofGlobalTerrestrialObservationSystem(observeddataefromChineseAcademyofSciences)groundwaterlevelfluctuatedwithirrigationseasonGroundwater level desceningObserved at Luancheng stationSummary: to save groundwater in the NCP is very urgent p Agricultural watersaving: A highlightWatersaving is core of rational water management? To adapt to climate change ? To realize highest potential use of available water? To increase water economy with high benefit? To control blind development of regional water resources and promote water demand management ? To maintain ecoenvironment against degradation ? To foster participation management institutionsWatersaving—”Killing Many Birds With One Stone”！Water saving is the best for adaptation to climate change impact on water resources p Discussions of some ideas of watersaving: water cycle / five water interactions 2. interface control of water fluxes3. agricultural watersaving system ++1 1098765432FivewaterinteractionTransformationofhydrostatesAAirPlantSoilAquifer SurfacePVRGS water cycle / five water interactions Acouplingsubsystem160
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