【正文】 an indirect quotation. An indirect quotation is a quotation that you found in another source that was quoting from the original. For such indirect quotations, use qtd. in to indicate the source.For example: Ravitch argues that high schools are pressured to act as social service centers, and they don39。t do that well ( Weisman 259). Sometimes more information is necessary to identify the source from which a quotation is taken. For instance, if two or more authors have the same last name, provide both authors39。 first initials (or even her or his full name if different authors share initials) in your citation. If you cite more than one work by a particular author, include a shortened title for the particular work from which you are quoting to distinguish it from the other works by that same person.For example:Two authors with the same last name: Although some medical ethicists claim that cloning will lead to designer children (R. Miller 12), others note that the advantages for medical research outweigh this consideration (A. Miller 46).Two works by the same author:Lightenor has argued that puters are not useful tools for small children (Too Soon 38), though he has acknowledged that early exposure to puter games does lead to better small motor skill development in a child39。s second and third year (HandEye Development 17). For more about using parenthetical citations, visit MLA InText Citations (at Research and Documentation Online) or MLA Documentation: Citations in Text (from the University of WisconsinMadison Writing Center), or see our additional resources section. Quotations
When you directly quote the works of others in your paper, you will format quotations differently depending on whether they are long or short quotations. Formatting quotations using MLA style is covered in section of the MLA Style Manual (which begins on page 102), and section of the of the Handbook for Writing Research Papers (which begins on page 80). Here are some basic guidelines for incorporating quotations into your paper. Short Quotations
To indicate short quotations (fewer than four typed lines of prose or three lines of verse) in your text, enclose the quotation within double quotation marks and incorporate it into your text. Provide the author and specific page citation (in the case of verse, provide line numbers) in the text, and include a plete reference in the workscited list. Punctuation marks such as periods, mas, and semicolons should appear after the parenthetical citation. Question marks and exclamation points should appear within the quotation marks if they are a part of the quoted passage but after the parenthetical citation if they are a part of your text.For example:According to some, dreams express profound aspects of personality (Foulkes 184), though others disagree. According to Foulkes39。s study, dreams may express profound aspects of personality (184). Is it possible that dreams may express profound aspects of personality (Foulkes 184)? Cullen concludes, Of all the things that happened there/ That39。s all I remember (1112). Long Quotations
Place quotations longer than four typed lines in a freestanding block of typewritten lines, and omit quotation marks. Start the quotation on a new line, indented one inch from the left margin, and maintain doublespacing. Your parenthetical citation should e after the closing punctuation mark. When quoting verse, maintain original line breaks. (You should maintain doublespacing throughout your essay.)For example:Nelly Dean treats Heathcliff poorly and dehumanizes him throughout her narration: They entirely refused to have it in bed with them, or even in their room, and I had no more sense, so, I put it on the landing of the stairs, hoping it would be gone on the morrow. By chance, or else attracted by hearing his voice, it crept to Mr. Earnshaw39。s door, and there he found it on quitting his chamber. Inquiries were made as to how it got there。 I was obliged to confess, and in repense for my cowardice and inhumanity was sent out of the house. (Bront? 78) In her poem Sources, Adrienne Rich explores the roles of women in shaping their world: The faithful drudging child the child at the oak desk whose penmanship, hard work, style will win her prizes bees the woman with a mission, not to win prizes but to change the laws of history. (23) Adding or Omitting Words In QuotationsIf you add a word or words in a quotation, you should put brackets around the words to indicate that they are not part of the original text. For example:Jan Harold Brunvand, in an essay on urban legends, states: some individuals [who retell urban legends] make a point of learning every rumor or tale (78). If you omit a word or words from a quotation, you should indicate the deleted word or word by using ellipsis marks surrounded by brackets. For example:In an essay on urban legends, Jan Harold Brunvand notes that some individuals make a point of learning every recent rumor or tale [...] and in a short time a lively exchange of details occurs (78). If there are ellipsis marks in the quoted author39。s work, do not put brackets around them。 only use brackets around ellipsis marks to distinguish them from ellipsis marks in the quoted author39。s work.Citing the Bible
In your first parenthetical citation, you want to make clear which Bible you39。re using (and italicize or underline the title), as each version v