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【正文】 (非事實信息題 / 否定事實信息題) ?問題形式:又稱 EXCEPT 列舉題,即排除列舉題。要求判斷哪些信息的是對的( true),哪些信息是錯的( false),哪些是未提及的( not given)。 ?題目中常會見大寫的“ NOT”或“ EXCEPT” ? According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true of X ? ?The author’s description of X mentions all of the following EXCEPT … ?看題干找關鍵詞 問題中有關鍵詞:用其定位原文,再將 4選項與定位的句子進行比較。(無關鍵詞,可以定位于上一題對應段落的后面那個段。) ?閱讀 4個選項 題干中沒有線索,閱讀 4選項,總結共同點進行定位,或根據(jù)各個選項中的關鍵詞一一定位。 ?排除與原文相符的選項 將選項與原文比較, 找出與原文矛盾或未提到的 。 Inference questions (推理題) ?問題形式:涉及文中沒有直接或明確表達出來的觀點或立場。 ?若文章陳述了一個事件的結果,推論類問題將問原因是什么;若文章出現(xiàn)了一個對比,將問對比的基礎是什么。 ?常見: infer / imply / suggest / most likely / least likely / probably ? Which of the following can be inferred about X ? ? Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 2 about X? ?The author of the passage implies X … ? It can be inferred from the passage that the author most likely believes which of the following (about X ) ? ?直接對比推理 題目若問其中一個事物的特征時,只要選項中的內(nèi)容與題目在 對比,那么直接刪除此項。 ?時間對比推理(屬于最簡單類型) 題目若問時間段的特征時,只要選項中的時間段與題目相反,那么直接刪除此項。 ?集合概念推理 2個相對的方面。當 1方比例減少,另 1方比例增多;反之亦然。(注 4選項各增減程度,不一定出現(xiàn)數(shù)字,而是通過否定或肯定體現(xiàn)程度。) ?段 2: Some nations, especially those who colors and emblems date back several hundred years, have different flags for different official uses. For example, the flag of Poland is a simple rectangle with a white upper half and red lower half. The … ……………………………Unlike the familiar plain flag flown on land, the ensign has a red shield with a white eagle centered on its upper white stripe. ?問: Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 2 about the Polish flag flown on land ? (根據(jù)題目中的關鍵詞 the Polish flag flown on land去直接定位段中的句子,顯然 2的最后一句相同。 ?段 3: A folk culture is a small, isolated, ………… ?段 4: In contrast, a popular culture is a large group, often very individualistic and always changing. It … ?問: What does the author suggest about the United States and Canada ? (題目中談到 folk culture 與 popular culture之間的對比。既然美加不再存在前者,自然后就有了。) A. They seldom treasure individualism. B. They cherish folk cultures. C. They have popular cultures. D. They exhibit no social classes. Rhetorical purpose questions (修辭目的題) ?問題形式:考查是否理解作者為什么在文章中某個特別位臵或者以某種特殊方式陳述一個特別信息。 ( 選項中常見: to inform 提供信息 /define下定義 /explain解釋 /illustrate例證 /pare比較 /contrast對比 /criticize批評 /refute反駁 ) ?考核內(nèi)容類型: 1 段與段之間的聯(lián)系 2 針對一個具體細節(jié) 3 提到某一特別信息的原因 ? The author discusses X in paragraph 2 in order to ... ? Why does the author mention X? ?The author uses X as an example of … ? In paragraph X, the author explains the concept of X by … ? What is the function of discussion of the terms X in paragraph X ? ? What is the purpose of paragraph X? ?In what ways are paragraphs 2 and 3 related to each other ? ?段落關系 (兩個段落之間的聯(lián)系 ) 比如第一段給出一個理論,第二段對這一理論進行例證( illustrate)或者反駁 (refute)。 例證( illustrate。 explain。 provide examples) 對比( contrast) 駁斥( refute。 criticize。 challenge。 cast doubt on) ?段 2: Many eng
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