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ction of anic pounds Applications ? Non destructive sensing Kawase, Opt. Exp., 11, 20 (2022) Applications ?Inspecting electrical faults in integrated circuits Kiwa, Opt. Lett., 28, 21 (2022) Technological challenges ?Bulky freespace propagation of THz radiation Goto, Jap. J. Appl. Phys. Lett., 43, 2B (2022) Technological challenges 1. Virtually no lowloss waveguides Conventionnal waveguides don’t work in the THz regime Metals: high loss due to finite conductivity Dielectrics: high absorption 2. Low dispersion waveguides necessary for spectroscopy Early waveguides ?Coplanar striplines Frankel, IEEE Transactions on microwave theory and techniques, 39, 6 (1991) Metal electrodes on a semiconductor substrate a = ~20 cm1 at n=1 THz a ~n3 Early waveguides ?Plastic ribbon waveguides Mendis, J. Appl. Phys., 88, 7 (2022) PE ribbon 150 mm thick Dispersive singlemode propagation No cutoff frequency a = ~1 cm1 Early waveguides ?Sapphire fiber Jamison, Appl. Phys. Lett., 76, 15 (2022) Singlecrystal sapphire fiber Diameter of 125, 250 and 325 mm a = ~1