【正文】 nse. In the closing scene, Gregory realizes that he has done the same thing—that he, too, has witnessed a person being shamed without assisting him. He feels a new kind of “shame,” that of having failed to help another man in need.Critical Reading and Discussion,5861. When Gregory writes, “I never learned hate at home, or shame. I had to go to school for that” (paragraph 1), he is using irony—an inconsistency between what is expected and what actually occurs. What does he mean by these two statements? What is the effect of his irony?Answer:Gregory means that although his home life was one of poverty and want, his home was not a place of inhumane values, such as hatred and shame. But at school, which on its surface was a more positive place, he was made to feel hatred and shame. The ironic statement intrigues the reader and makes him or her want to know more about what Gregory means.2. What are Gregory’s feelings about his teacher? What were your feelings about her as you read this essay? What could the teacher have done or said that wouldnot have made Gregory feel ashamed?Answer:Gregory seems sad and resentful that the teacher did not understand why he misbehaved in class and that she assumed he was stupid and a troublemaker. But he also wanted her approval badly, as seen by the Community Chest incident and the fact that he got a “big thrill” out of being chosen to clean the blackboard. Students’ suggestions about the teacher will vary. One possibility: She could have merely thanked Gregory in class and then spoken to him privately later if she doubted that he could contribute to Community Chest.3. Gregory shows how a childhood incident taught him shame. What other important lessons does Gregory learn in this essay? Explain.Answer:From paragraph 3, in which Gregory talks about his acplishments later in life, we can conclude that he learned he could boost his selfesteem through his own efforts. Paragraph 5 shows that from his own experiences, he learned that children who are hungry and poor may feel invisible and so behave in ways that attract attention. From his experience with the wino, he learned that in order to feel good about himself, he would have to start standing up for other people who were shamed.4. At the end of his essay, Gregory says, “I waited too long to help another man.” Why do you think he waited so long to assist the wino? What are some reasons people do not always help others who are in need (for example, ignoring a homeless person seated on the sidewalk)?Answer:Gregory probably had many reasons for not helping the wino sooner: embarrassment at drawing attention to himself, reluctance to part with his hardearned money, not wanting to get in trouble with Mr. Williams, not knowing the wino and thus feeling the affair wasn’t his business, etc. People have similar reasons for not helping others in need. In addition, people who ignore a homeless man may feel that the man’s problems—maybe including substance abuse or mental illness—are so big and deeprooted that they are not qualified to help him in any effective way.ThesisandSupport OutlineThesis: Living poor was, for the author, a humiliating experience. 1. He was embarrassed in front of his classmates and, worse, in front of Helene Tucker (723). 2. Everybody knew he was a “worthy boy” who had no Dad and no money (28). 3. His selfpity prevented him from helping another poor man, the wino (2937). Suggested Answers for “Propaganda Techniques in Today’s Advertising” by Ann McClintockNote: The numbers in parentheses refer to relevant paragraphs in the selection.Reading Comprehension Questions,6486491. b 2. d 3. b Answer a is too broad。 answers c and d are too narrow. 4. c Answers a and b are too narrow。 answer d is too broad. 5. b Paragraph 9 6. d Paragraphs 1819 7. c Paragraph 16 8. c Paragraph 23 9. b 10. aStructure and Technique, 6496501. In paragraph 1, McClintock’s choice of words reveals her attitudes toward both propagandists and the public. What specific words reveal her attitudes, and what attitudes do they represent?Answer:McClintock describes propagandists as “seducers” and “brainwashers.” She refers to their “alluring images,” their “tricks,” and their “charm.” She describes the public as “content” and “eager . . . victims.” Her choice of words makes it clear that she thinks propagandists are untrustworthy and interested in taking unfair advantage of a tootrusting public.2. What key term does McClintock define in paragraph 2? Why does she define it here? Where else in the essay does she use the technique of definition?Answer:She defines the term “propaganda.” She places the definition close to the beginning because it is so essential to the reader’s understanding of the rest of her essay. Other points at which McClintock uses definition are in paragraphs 5, 6, 9, 12, 16, 18, and 21. In each of those paragraphs, she defines a particular propaganda technique.3. McClintock uses parentheses in two lists, the ones in paragraphs 7 and 19. What purpose do these parentheses serve?Answer:Paragraph 7 lists “highsounding but basically empty phrases.” The author uses parentheses to add ments that reveal the emptiness of those listed phrases. Paragraph 19 lists claims that include “weasel words.” The author uses parentheses