【正文】 .................................................................13 玉米與花生的管理技術(shù) .........................................................................................14 結(jié)論 ................................................................................................................................14參考文獻(xiàn) ...................................................................................................................................15致 謝 .........................................................................................................................................16 貴 貴州大學(xué)本科畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)） 第 II 頁(yè) 玉米與花生共生期營(yíng)養(yǎng)管理技術(shù)研究摘要 本研究采用采用三因素三水平正交設(shè)計(jì)方法。對(duì)玉米筑黃糯 1 號(hào)與桂花 22 號(hào)兩個(gè)品種間作，不同的營(yíng)養(yǎng)管理處理下的玉米和花生產(chǎn)量及營(yíng)養(yǎng)品質(zhì)進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)研究，以期為探討出合理的玉米與花生共生期的營(yíng)養(yǎng)管理技術(shù)研究提供依據(jù)。共處期的營(yíng)養(yǎng)管理是間套作增產(chǎn)增效的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)，玉米間作花生雖然可能出現(xiàn)密植效應(yīng)、營(yíng)養(yǎng)異質(zhì)效應(yīng)、正對(duì)等效應(yīng)、補(bǔ)償效應(yīng)等作物間的互補(bǔ)效應(yīng)，但是共處期兩種作物同時(shí)快速生長(zhǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)是難免的，故加強(qiáng)共處期的營(yíng)養(yǎng)管理技術(shù)研究是必不可少的。綜合效益也是比較高的。隨著肥料的增加以及對(duì)共生期玉米的營(yíng)養(yǎng)管理，玉米的產(chǎn)量也有明顯的差異，在相同的處理中，肥料的增加對(duì)玉米的產(chǎn)量有所提高，而當(dāng)超過(guò)一定量的時(shí)候，鮮物質(zhì)產(chǎn)量和干物質(zhì)含量及產(chǎn)量不再增加反而減少。在相同的處理下，花生的產(chǎn)量也是隨著 N 肥的增加而增加，而均以 225kg/hm2為最高，在玉米的不同的營(yíng)養(yǎng)管理對(duì)花生的產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)也有影響，在對(duì)玉米去底部葉的處理下，花生的產(chǎn)量最高，品質(zhì)相對(duì)較好。綜合玉米與花生兩個(gè)的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，玉米與花生間套作是可行的，在玉米去底部葉在 225kg/hm2 N 肥的情況下玉米與花生的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益為最高。關(guān)鍵詞 : 玉米，花生，共生期，營(yíng)養(yǎng)管理 貴 貴州大學(xué)本科畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)） 第 III 頁(yè) Corn and peanut symbiosis of Nutrition Management Technology AbstractIn this study, using three factors and three levels of the orthogonal design method. Building on the corn and peanuts, 1 yellow waxy flowers on the 27th your intercropping two species, different nutrient management treatments of corn and peanut yield and nutritional quality of a systematic study to investigate a reasonable period of maize and peanut symbiosis provide a basis for nutrient management. Coexistence of nutrient management is the key to increasing yield and profit intercropping technology, corn intercropping peanut Although the effect may be dense, nutrient heterogeneity effect, being equivalent, the pensation effect between the plementary effects of other crops, but the coexistence of two kinds of crops Rapid growth at the same time petition is inevitable, therefore strengthening the coexistence of nutritional management technology is essential. Overall efficiency is relatively high. With the increase of fertilizer and the symbiosis of corn nutrient management, corn production is also significantly different, in the same processing, fertilizer to increase maize production has increased, and when more than a certain amount of time, production of fresh material and dry matter content and yield increase but not decrease. The same treatment, peanut production is also increased with increasing N fertilizer, while the highest are 60kg/hm2 in different nutrient management corn on peanut yield and quality have an impact on corn to the bottom of the leaf of treatment, the highest yield of peanuts, relatively good quality. Both corn and peanut prehensive economic benefits of intercropping maize and peanuts, is feasible, in the corn leaves to the bottom of the 225kg/hm2 N fertilizer in the case of corn and peanuts, the maximum economic benefits. Key words: corn, peanuts, symbiotic period, nutrient management 貴 貴州大學(xué)本科畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)） 第 1 頁(yè) 1 前言玉米是我國(guó)主要的糧食作物，玉米是主要的糧食作物，也是優(yōu)良的飼料和工業(yè)原料(張起君等，1991。佟屏亞，1993；鄺嬋娟等，1996), 進(jìn)入二十世紀(jì)八十年代以來(lái)，隨著人們生活水平的提高，畜牧業(yè)的迅速發(fā)展，食物結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生了巨大變化，玉米在國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)中的地位日益提高。人均占有玉米數(shù)量被視為一個(gè)國(guó)家或一個(gè)地區(qū)畜牧業(yè)發(fā)展和人民生活水平的重要標(biāo)志之一(佟屏亞，1994)。玉米由過(guò)去作為口糧向現(xiàn)在的飼料、工業(yè)原料方向轉(zhuǎn)變(佟屏亞，1995)，玉米已發(fā)展成為世界重要的糧食、經(jīng)濟(jì)、飼料兼用的作物(佟屏亞，1994)。目前，全世界生產(chǎn)的玉米籽粒約有7080％作為飼料，約有1020％為人們食用，約有10～15％作為發(fā)展工業(yè)的原料(鄺嬋娟等，1996)。玉米可以與不同的作物進(jìn)行間套作，玉米在營(yíng)養(yǎng)期的管理也有著明顯的區(qū)別。玉米打頂對(duì)玉米果穗的發(fā)育有著重要的影響打頂，玉米打頂具有潛在價(jià)值，但打頂確實(shí)可以提高雙穗率，加大庫(kù)容，提高產(chǎn)量潛力 [27]，玉米去底部葉，可以提高玉米的通風(fēng)效果?；ㄉc玉米在不同處理下的產(chǎn)量與品質(zhì)也有著明顯的不同。隨著N肥的增加，玉米與花生的產(chǎn)量都會(huì)隨著