教育心理學(xué)復(fù)習(xí)資料(名詞解釋中文理解)-文庫(kù)吧
2025-04-02 01:42 本頁(yè)面
【正文】 r objects Egocentric: assuming that others experience the world the way you do 假設(shè)別人體驗(yàn)世界的方式與自己一樣Collective monologue: 孩子在群體說(shuō)話但并沒(méi)有真正的交流和互動(dòng)的說(shuō)話形式里程碑：Conservation, identity, reversibility, pensation, classification(class inclusion, seriation)Children can think logically about tangible situations and can demonstrate conservation, reversibility, classification and seriating. 孩子能在邏輯上思考實(shí)際情況，演示保存，可逆性，分類(lèi)和序列排列。Reversible thinking: thinking backward, from the end to the beginning, also call reversibility從尾端回到開(kāi)端的思考方式Conservation: principle that some characteristics of an object remain the same despite changes in appearance盡管外表發(fā)生變化，物體的某些特點(diǎn)保持相同Decentering: focusing on more than one aspect at a time 同一時(shí)間關(guān)注幾方面Compensation: 其中一維的改變會(huì)被其他的改變offset抵消Classification: 對(duì)物體進(jìn)行分類(lèi)Seriation: 按一個(gè)順次sequencial排列物體,如尺寸，重量，volume體積里程碑：hypotheticdeductive reasoning, inductive reasoning, 考慮替換，辨認(rèn)所有可能，青年自我中心The ability to perform hypotheticdeductive reasoning, coordinate a set of variables, and imagine other ，協(xié)調(diào)一組變量的能力，想象其他世界的能力。Hypotheticdeductive reasoning:一種形式運(yùn)算解決問(wèn)題的策略，個(gè)體從辨認(rèn)可能影響問(wèn)題的所有因素開(kāi)始，然后進(jìn)行推理和系統(tǒng)地評(píng)估具體的解決方案Adolescent egocentrism: 假設(shè)其他人都與自己分享自己的思想，感覺(jué)和關(guān)注點(diǎn)。l 皮亞杰認(rèn)知理論的缺陷：children and adults often think in ways that are inconsistent with the notion of invariant stages。 underestimate children’s cognitive abilities。 overlooking cultural factors in child ，低估了兒童的認(rèn)知能力，忽視了兒童發(fā)展中的文化因素。認(rèn)知發(fā)展背后的工作原理：Adaptation, organization, scheme, disequilibriumAdaptation: adjustment to the environment適應(yīng)環(huán)境Organization: ongoing process of arranging information and experience into mental systems or Scheme: 精神系統(tǒng)或者概念和經(jīng)驗(yàn)的分類(lèi)Disequilibrium: 當(dāng)一個(gè)人意識(shí)到自己目前的思考方式不能解決問(wèn)題或理解情景時(shí)，便會(huì)出現(xiàn)不平衡階段Equilibration: 在認(rèn)知圖示與環(huán)境信息中尋找精神平衡l 當(dāng)不平衡出現(xiàn)的時(shí)候，我們會(huì)不斷修改圖示，因此我們就發(fā)展了認(rèn)知Adaptation 包
教學(xué)教案相關(guān)推薦
鄂ICP備17016276號(hào)-1