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初中英語語法知識匯總-文庫吧

2025-03-30 03:09 本頁面


【正文】 2名詞前有this, my, whose, some, no, each, every等限制I want this book, not that one. /Whose purse is this?3季節(jié),月份,星期,節(jié)假日,一日三餐前March, Sunday, National Day, spring4表示職位,身份,頭銜的名詞前Lincoln was made President of America.5學(xué)科,語言,球類,棋類名詞前He likes playing football/chess.6與by連用表示交通工具的名詞前by train, by air, by land7以and連接的兩個相對的名詞并用時husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night8 表示泛指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前Horses are useful animals.三.代詞:I.代詞可以分為以下七大類:1人稱代詞主格I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they賓格me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them2物主代詞形容詞性my, your, his, her, its, our, their名詞性mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs3反身代詞myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves4指示代詞this, that, these, those, such, some5疑問代詞who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whichever, whatever6關(guān)系代詞that, which, who, whom, whose, as7不定代詞one/ some/ any, each/ every, none/ no, many/ much, few/ little/ a few/ a little, other/ another, all/ both, neither/ eitherII. 不定代詞用法注意點:1. one, some與any:1) one可以泛指任何人,也可特指,復(fù)數(shù)為ones。some多用于肯定句,any多用于疑問句和否定句。One should learn to think of others.Have you any bookmarks? No, I don’t have any bookmarks.I have some questions to ask. 2) some可用于疑問句中,表示盼望得到肯定的答復(fù),或者表示建議,請求等。Would you like some bananas?Could you give me some money?3) some 和any修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時,some表示某個,any表示任何一個。I have read this article in some magazine.Please correct the mistakes, if any.4) some和數(shù)詞連用表示“大約”,any可與比較級連用表示程度。There are some 3,000 students in this school.Do you feel any better today?2. each和every:each強(qiáng)調(diào)個別,代表的數(shù)可以是兩個或兩個以上,而every強(qiáng)調(diào)整體,所指的數(shù)必須是三個或三個以上。Each student has a pocket dictionary. / Each (of us) has a dictionary. / We each have a dictionary.Every student has strong and weak points. / Every one of us has strong and weak points.3. none和no:no等于not any,作定語。none作主語或賓語,代替不可數(shù)名詞,謂語用單數(shù),代替可數(shù)名詞,謂語單復(fù)數(shù)皆可以。There is no water in the bottle.How much water is there in the bottle? None.None of the students are (is) afraid of difficulties.4. other和another:1) other泛指“另外的,別的”常與其他詞連用,如:the other day, every other week, some other reason, no other way, the other特指兩者中的另外一個,復(fù)數(shù)為the others。如:He held a book in one hand and his notes in the other.Two students in our class failed, but all the others passed the exam.2) another指“又一個,另一個”無所指,復(fù)數(shù)形式是others,泛指“別的人或事”如:I don’t like this shirt, please show me another (one).The trousers are too long, please give me another pair / some others.Some like football, while others like basketball.5. all和both, neither和eitherall表示不可數(shù)名詞時,其謂語動詞用單數(shù)。both和all加否定詞表示部分否定,全部否定用neither和none.All of the books are not written in English. / Not all of the books are written in English.Both of us are not teachers. / Not both of us are teachers. / Either of us is a teacher.四.形容詞和副詞:1. 形容詞的位置:1) 形容詞作定語通常前置,但在下列情況后置:1修飾some, any, every, no和body, thing, one等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞時nobody absent, everything possible2以able, ible結(jié)尾的形容詞可置于有最高級或only修飾的名詞之后the best book available, the only solution possible3alive, alike, awake, aware, asleep等可以后置the only person awake4和空間、時間、單位連用時a bridge 50 meters long5成對的形容詞可以后置a huge room simple and beautiful6形容詞短語一般后置a man difficult to get on with2) 多個形容詞修飾同一個名詞的順序:代詞數(shù)詞性狀形容詞冠詞前的形容詞冠詞指示代詞不定代詞代詞所有格序數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞性質(zhì)狀態(tài)大小長短形狀新舊溫度顏色國籍產(chǎn)地材料質(zhì)地名詞allbothsuchtheathisanotheryoursecondnextonefourbeautifulgoodpoorlargeshortsquarenewcoolblackyellowChineseLondonsilkstone3) 復(fù)合形容詞的構(gòu)成:1形容詞+名詞+edkindhearted6名詞+形容詞worldfamous2形容詞+形容詞darkblue7名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞peaceloving3形容詞+現(xiàn)在分詞ordinarylooking8名詞+過去分詞snowcovered4副詞+現(xiàn)在分詞hardworking9數(shù)詞+名詞+edthreeegged5副詞+過去分詞newlybuilt10數(shù)詞+名詞twentyyearII. 副詞副詞的分類:1時間副詞soon, now, early, finally, once, recently5頻度副詞always, often, frequently, seldom, never2地點副詞here, nearby, outside, upwards, above6疑問副詞how, where, when, why3方式副詞hard, well, fast, slowly, excitedly, really7連接副詞how, when, where, why, whether, however, meanwhile4程度副詞almost, nearly, very, fairly, quite, rather8關(guān)系副詞when, where, whyIII. 形容詞和副詞比較等級:形容詞和副詞的比較等級分為原級,比較級和最高級。比較級和最高級的構(gòu)成一般是在形容詞和副詞后加er和est,多音節(jié)和一些雙音節(jié)詞前加more 和most。1. 同級比較時常常用 as…as…以及not so(as)…as…如:I am not so good
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