【正文】 to load factors here)Consider: (1) Shape or form. The load must be defined for what it is pallet, box, drum, wire container, engine block, automatic body, or other item. (2) Dimensions. If the load is a container such as a pallet, box, or tote, know its length, width, and height. If it is a unit item, the dimensions of the interface between product and conveyor much as the load bearing surface are critical information. In the case of product on a container, like a pallet of beer cases, the dimensions of both carrier and load must be known to provide for factors like overhang clearance. If the load consists of bulk materials, density and flow rate must be identified.Other factors include: Orientation. The position of the load on the conveyor must be established. A load length may actually bee a height when the item is placed on a conveyor, tow line, or monorail carrier. Footprint. The bottom configuration, or footprint, of a load can have a strong bearing on the design and cost of a conveyor system. The following questions should be asked about footprints of different types of loads: Pallet ?are there block feet or runners, and in what direction? Are there broken boards, protruding nail heads, or straps? Drum ?are there chine? Does the bottom bulge? Cartons amp。 boxes ?Is the bottom soggy? What about protruding staples? Is the bottom of the box fanfolded or taped? Does it bulge? All of these things could cause the box to act erratically on roller conveyors.(4) Utilize energysaving controls and devicesConveyors are very energy efficient pared to the alternatives for moving product through a facility. Substantial energy and cost savings are possible. How can you convey more for less energy? Some mon sense ways to increase conveyor productivity Above: know and understand your load factors to avoid a variety of issues. Misunderstanding load factors is perhaps the most mon conveyor specification and maintenance error. We can assist you in tracking down the necessary information as you specify conveyor loads.Select the right motor for the job. The motor should run at or near top capacity at all times. If load weights vary, use twospeed motors and adjustablespeed drives to enable motors to run near top capacity.Keep the conveyor lubricated. Proper lubrication is a necessity in any energy efficient system using reducers, chains, and bearings. Besides saving energy, you抣l increase the life of your equipment.Turn your conveyor off when it is not in use. In some operations it may not make sense to continually switch them on and off, but you can efficiently do this in many cases. Intelligent controls can help by turning the conveyor off automatically when it is not needed.Use gravity feeds when possible. You can substitute gravity for power conveyor in the right situation, creating both equipment cost reductions and energy savings. Mixing power and gravity units to conserve energy and reduce costs is usually possible.Design with energy savings in mind. Use long, straight runs with fewer drives. If possible, power the entire system with one drive. Use highefficiency speed reducers. Replace wornout conveyor. Modern conveyors designed more efficiently, with appropriate controls, deliver significant returnon investment based on energy savings alone.(5) Correctly select and integrate vertical and horizontal conveyorsWhen elevation changes are necessary, choosing the right vertical transport device can make or break system performance. You have to take into account system throughput requirements, product characteristics, elevation change, number of charge/discharge points, manual or automated charge/discharge, interface with horizontal transport devices, proximity to workers, safety devices, environment, and future system requirements. Analysis of the above criteria will result in an optimum solution. In the unit handling world of a typical distribution center, examples might include vertical reciprocating conveyors (VRC), continuous vertical conveyors, incline belt conveyors, spiral conveyors, chutes, and scissor lifts.(6) Test for performance You have installed a new conveyor system, and you are ready to get into production. Not so fast. It may be tempting to turn your system loose, but you be money ahead if you allow time for adequate testing. If you do a cursory checkout, you miss the opportunity to finetune controls and detect hidden mechanical issues. Conveyor systems can have millions of moving parts designed to work in concert. Due to that plexity, a new system may need adjustments to perform. An outline of testing procedures: Inspection: Visually inspect the entire system. This is about safety. Are all the guards in place? Are the pullstops accessible? Are the safety stickers easy to see and read? The mechanical and junction boxes should be closed. Function testing: Place a small number of items on the conveyor from the various infeed points. This small amount allows for a controlled evaluation process. Look for obvious flaws。 make sure all belts function, diverters and merges work properly. Be sure cartons do not hang up anywhere in the system.Load testing: It is time to fully load the system to see how it performs at full capacity. Examine how high volume works, whether spacing between cartons is correct, or if any cartons bunch up. Overload areas to check how the system handles massive throughput and detect where any bottlenecks could occur.Error recovery: These tests primarily check system controls. Errors are induced to confirm recovery procedures. Examples of errors might include barcode or RFID misreads, or products improperly inducted or removed from the system midstream. Additional error? scenarios should be tested. Testers start and stop sections of the system to see how it handles these forces. Also check into that if ?scenarios to see how the conveyor will react to unplanned events. For instance, what would happen if an operator pushes two