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《非謂語動(dòng)詞講》word版-文庫吧

2024-12-30 23:38 本頁面


【正文】 tient. 7)作獨(dú)立成分.例如: To tell the truth, I don’t agree with you. 8)不定式與疑問詞 who,which,when,where,how,what等連用,在句中起名詞作用,可充當(dāng)主語、表語、賓語等.例如: He didn’t know what to say.(賓語) How to solve the problem is very important.(主語) My question is when to start. (表語) 注意:在與 why連用時(shí),只用于 why或 why not開頭的簡(jiǎn)短疑問句中,后面緊跟的動(dòng)詞不定式不帶 to. 例如: Why not have a rest? 9)不定式在句中用主動(dòng)式還是被動(dòng)式。多數(shù)情況下是容易判別的,但有時(shí)的確比較復(fù)雜,請(qǐng)注意以下幾點(diǎn): A)不定式修飾的名詞或代詞和不定式構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時(shí),不定式往往用主動(dòng)形式. Have you got a key to unlock the door? (A key unlocks the door.) B)不定式和它前面被修飾的名詞或代詞構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,又和該句主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時(shí),不定式常用主動(dòng)形式. I have got a letter to write.( I write letter.) He needs a room to live in.( He lives in a room.) I know what to do.( I do what.) 但這句如改為下列形式,不定式就得用被動(dòng)形式: I know what is to be done. 這是因?yàn)?what is to be done是賓語從句,從句中的主語 what是動(dòng)詞 do的動(dòng)作對(duì)象 C)不定式作表語形容詞的狀語,和句中主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí),不定式多用主動(dòng)形式,這是因?yàn)槿藗兺J(rèn)為形容詞后省去了 for one或 for people.例如: He is hard to talk to.( to talk to him.) The book is difficult to understand. ( to understand the book.) 但如果強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的受事者時(shí),亦可用不定式被動(dòng)式,例如: The handwriting is very difficult to be read. The box is too heavy to be lifted. D)在 “there十be” 的結(jié)構(gòu)中,當(dāng)說話人考慮的是必須有人去完成某件事時(shí),不定式用主動(dòng)形式,如果說話人強(qiáng)調(diào)的是事情本身必須完成,則用被動(dòng)形式. There is a lot of work to do. ( Somebody has to do the work.) There is a lot of work to be done. ( The work has to be done.) 請(qǐng)注意下面兩個(gè)句子的含義是不同的: There is nothing to do. 意為無事可做,感到十分乏味. There is nothing to be done.意為某東西壞了,無法使之恢復(fù)正常.2.不定式的時(shí)態(tài) l)不定式的一般形式所表示的動(dòng)作,通常與謂語的動(dòng)作(狀態(tài))同時(shí)(或幾乎同時(shí))發(fā)生,或是在它之后發(fā)生.例如: I saw him go out. 2)如果謂語表示的動(dòng)作(情況)發(fā)生時(shí),不定式表示的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,這時(shí)不定式就要用進(jìn)行式.例如: I am very glad to be working with you. 3)如果不定式的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之前,就要用完成式.例如: I’m sorry to have kept you waiting. 3.不定式的語態(tài) 當(dāng)不定式邏輯上的主語是這個(gè)不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí),不定式一般要用被動(dòng)形式。例如: He asked to be sent to work in the countryside. It is possible for our hopes to be realized. (二)動(dòng)名詞 1.動(dòng)名詞由動(dòng)詞 + ing構(gòu)成。具有動(dòng)詞和名詞的性質(zhì)。在句中起名詞作用,可作主語、賓語、表語和定語. 1)作主語.例如: Seeing is believing. Laying eggs is the ant queen’s full time job. It is no use arguing with him.
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