【正文】 必要的糾紛。 ? 一封信寫得是否完整，建議用五個“Ｗ”來檢驗 :即： Who, What, Where, When, Why(包括 How)。 ? 例如：在定貨信中，必須明確說明： ? 需要什么商品 (What you want)； ? 何時需要 (When you need the goods)； ? 貨物發(fā)到何地何人收 (to Whom and Where the goods to be sent)； ? 如何付款 (How payment will be made). ? Example: ? “Cellulose Tape（透明膠帶） 1/2”x 3yds, with plastic dispenser （分配器） 700 doz./ditto（同上） but 1/2 x 5 yds, 1,000 doz.” ? “Cellulose Tape 1/2x 3yds, with plastic dispenser 700 doz. Cellulose Tape 1/2 x 5yds， with plastic dispenser 1000 doz.” ? （ Concreteness） 信要寫得生動、具體和明確。特別是要求對方做出明確反應(yīng)的信，或是答復(fù)對方提出的要求或問題的信，或是報盤、承諾等等，該具體的就要具體，避免模糊、籠統(tǒng)和抽象。 ? We wish to confirm our telegram yesterday. ? Better: We wish to confirm our telegram of March 29. ? We have received with thanks your check. The amount has been placed to our credit. ? Better: We have received with thanks your check for US$ 200,000, in payment of our machine. The amount has been placed to our credit. ? 3. 清楚 (Clearness) 信要寫得清清楚楚、明明白白，毫無艱澀難懂之處，使收信人看了信后不會誤解寫信人所要表達(dá)的意思。 ? (1)避免使用可能產(chǎn)生不同理解或意義不明確的詞匯 ? 例如： As to the steamers sailing from Hong Kong to San Francisco, we have bimonthly direct services. ? （ a） We have two direct sailings every month from Hong Kong to San Francisco.（每月兩次直達(dá)船） ? （ b） We have semimonthly direct sailing from Hong Kong to San Francisco.（每半月一次直達(dá)船） ? （ c） We have a direct sailing from Hong Kong to San Francisco every two month.（每兩個月一次直達(dá)船） ? (2)注意修飾詞的位置，有時修飾詞的位置不同，會導(dǎo)致不同的含意 ? 例如： ? （ a） Please let us know what you wish us to do about this matter as soon as possible.(請告訴你們要求我們?yōu)榇吮M快做些什么。 ) ? （ b） Please let us know as soon as possible what you wish us to do about this matter.（請盡快告知，你們要我們?yōu)榇耸伦鲂┦裁?。? ? （ c） Often people who eat mushrooms die.（吃蘑菇之人經(jīng)常死。）（笑話?。。。? ? （ d） Often, people who eat mushrooms die.（吃蘑菇致人死命是常有之事。） ? (3) 注意代名詞，關(guān)系代詞和先行詞的關(guān)系 ? 按照英語習(xí)慣，句子中的代名詞和關(guān)系代詞一般是指代與之離得最近的名詞，因此要特別注意，以免引起誤解或不清楚。 ? 例如： ? （ a） They informed Messrs. John amp。 Smith that they would receive an answer in a few days.（ that從句的 they指代不明確。） ? 更正： They informed Messrs. John amp。 Smith that the latter would receive an answer in a few days. ? （ b） We39。ll dispatch your order soon with the bill since you are in a hurry for it.（句中 it指代不明確。） ? 更正： Since you are in a hurry for your order, we?ll send it to you together with the bill. ? (4)注意前后一致，內(nèi)容緊湊、連貫 ? 不一致： Being a certified public accountant, I am sure you can help us. ? 一致： Being a certified public accountant, you can surely help us. ? or。 as you are a certified public accountant, I am sure you can help us. ? 4. 簡潔 (Conciseness) 信要寫得簡潔，要長話短說，避免羅嗦，避免不必要的重復(fù)，用盡可能少的文字“完整”、“清楚”而又有“禮貌”地表達(dá)需要表達(dá)的意思 。 ? （ 1）避免使用陳舊的商業(yè)術(shù)語 ? 例一： ? Wordy: We wish to acknowledge receipt of your esteemed favor of November 14 with the check for enclosed and wish to thank you for same. ? Concise: Thank you for your letter of November 14 and the check for Stg. 10 you sent with it. ? 例二： ? Wordy: We take liberty to approach you with the request that you would be kind enough to introduce to us some exporters of cotton textiles in your cities. ? Concise: Please introduce to us some exporters of cotton textiles in your city. ? （ 2）要長話短說，避免羅嗦 ? 通常商業(yè)人士每天需要閱讀大量的書信，對開門見山，長話短說，直接切題的信特別歡迎。因此，寫信要力求長話短說，例如： ? Wordy: Please see that an enquiry is conducted to determine the reason. ? Concise: Please find out the reason. ? Wordy: We express our regret at being unable to fulfill your order on this occasion. ? Concise: We are sorry we cannot meet your present order. ? 要使用簡潔的語言，有可能的話，盡量使用單詞來代替某些嬌柔做作的短語。例如： ? Will you be good enough to Please ? Come to a decision decide ? Express a preference for prefer ? For the reason that because ? 刪去不必要的形容詞，如下列句子中的形容詞或副詞刪去后并不影響句子的原意： ? The proposal is under (active) consideration. ? The answer is (definitely) correct. ? I would (rather) think the fare is too high. ? The (true) facts are as stated ? （ 3）不要意思重復(fù) 。例如： ? We would like to know whether you would allow us to extend the time of shipment for twenty days, and if you would be so kind as to allow us to do so, kindly give us your reply by cable without delay. ? Please reply by telegram immediately if you will allow us to delay the shipment until April 21. (如同意我們把交貨延期到四月二十一日，請電復(fù)。 ) ? 5. 禮貌 (Courtesy) 寫信要有理有節(jié)注意禮貌，不要盛氣凌人，避免“命令”和粗魯。 ? Courtesy是“客氣而又體諒人”的意思，與 Politeness相比較， Politeness的客氣只是表現(xiàn)在文章的語句上，而 Courtesy則表現(xiàn)在對對方的“體諒”，例如： ? Politeness: We have received with many thanks your letter of , and we take the pleasure of sending you latest catalog. We wish to draw your attention to a special offer, which we have made in it. ? Courtesy: You will be particularly interested in a special offer on Page 5 of the latest catalog enclosed, which you requested in your letter of Oct. 7. ? （ 1） 請求而不是命令 ： ? Please, Will you... Will you please...等應(yīng)常掛嘴邊。例如： ? a) Will you give us more detailed information on your requirement? ? b) Will you please (kindly) let us hear from you on these two points? ? （ 2） 適時使用虛擬語氣， 例如： ? a) Would you pare our sample with the goods of other origins? ? b) This would seem to confirm our opinion. ? c) We should be grateful if you would help us with your suggestion. ? d) We think it advisable that you should accept this offer at this price. ? e) We might be of some service to you in a similar case. ? （ 3）采用緩和法（ Mitigation） ? 為了緩和過分強調(diào)或刺激對方，常用 :We are afraid, we would say, we may (or, might) say, we (would) think, it seems (or would seem) to us, we (would) suggest, as you are (or: may be) aware, as we need hardly point out等等表達(dá)法來緩和語氣，如： ? a) We cannot ply with your request. ? We are afraid we are now not in a position to meet your requirement. ? b) Our products are the very best on the market. ? We might say that our products are the very best on the ma