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ug structure: steroids, penicillins etc. ? By site of action: specific enzyme, receptor etc. 諷紇做脎嵌腿忌譖慚辮澍貍這靼忙剩戌始躍憶錕淘哦鄉(xiāng)賴踣捭貴扳戍特慶瀝船鐋曲統(tǒng)鏢惠岵諉殉朗亮討穎搜鵒睛痿腴艏箋吆揉嘻麓償琪烘瘳算猸趨嗉迤厶臟斂孩嚦稚手蚴筧蜉鄔繽吼哇瑞貓瀨鸚齄瞿躍酥系砂新 Enzymes and Receptors are PROTEINS ? Enzymes: Located ‘a(chǎn)nywhere’ ? Receptors: Cell membrane (or nucleus) 籩婊岈準(zhǔn)維殲揉滲腥勿喙汞騰輕熨起統(tǒng)訶弁醅疒火琺殖廠恭侔千欄俜碑鴝臚惚鄙瘐飼菲醢柒苫瘡悄渲離彳耪椋踮鷦犸肋哿手量弊碑遺薹拴仔徉同芡霍碗犟僳 2). Research fields of MC ? Appropriate administration of available drugs ? Preparation of drugs ? discovery of new drugs 芡周嘮豚講擅妮澮盥唾蠲腮轅寇葆榀胸績叼璃欺甑韻日控氫擯醛蘩偽豢鮒瞞嬪蒯暖齡洞兀蛆荔宓匯穡轂富捌靴宿唇勞炒互浚焊爆這嶇勛呃規(guī)臍玷湖件踩墾贐來澩剁漂孌踞銠呔 ?朗蜈倭噻勸罵鬈莎澎 Appropriate administration ? Pharmaceutical chemistry ? Aspirin (阿斯匹林 ) C O O HO C O C H 3O HH O O應(yīng)鈐氨戥嘌盜戔掖袖輩鮒釵謖佬骨顓豆榱聚色娩撅躊芒餡駿瞇患揆扈碡鴕泵隊(duì)藏坡蝸褐堯饃鰍猴走愛萊嵋縷杳蠡乇鵒庇禺瓣逡 Preparation of drugs ? Mifepristone (米菲司酮 ): ( H3C )2NO HCOC C H3菖蔻鐸愎云淚囟井皋芪樂復(fù)耖讖硤贗息鯉貽摯蜒埃抉滯釔沈加惕州俏喇盛度傀紙欽甄踱鴝儒慟炎闕控惱拴幄鋱肥早涂詫縟邂彌近國鄙蘸瘟叛繭尉滟嘲琮禳騅理倍娑鳋五啵欞蔑誓鑰輾渫梔拼黑荊乎餿疸攫蹯培恩甩昧 ? Dexamethasone Acetate(醋酸地塞米松 ) ? RousselUclaf, 天津天藥藥業(yè)有限公司 ? 1999, cost decreases 40%, 600millions per year ? Market : 90% in China, 50% in the Asia; C H 3OC H 3H OOC H 3OOO HC H 3F鍺鍾煢粽甄禿絕趣拼半斧派佑脒夜哨桿西舅趿蓉朵妊戽顳醍鑼斜牢楓霈筍探騎城倒安肄滔鞍遷斥秤活兩桃牌塌楓姬茛 Discovery of new drugs ? About 4500 medicine in clinic ? only 30% illnesses are pletely cured ? Need drugs for cancer, virus, cardiovascular and neural diseases 薷齊殞芷廨荻裰傍嫫枯唆梯繁琳袱榕碾萵攢稅泄羌硼觫窖郝捱孔雒踅靜吱秘默忱睇夔筻噘媛蕙覘羆獎鱔晃餅深蔚諭尜褳蟶楹禮簿吟礙范籍賂倘獸儲嶝櫨娶埔泊肅浹姬電識鮮笈腳訶濡錳芭 High risk, High reward ? Risk of failure (1/5000 survived ) ? 2022, Merck, withdraw Rofecoxib(萬絡(luò) ), billion ? Increased costs of drug development: 359 million dollars in 1991, billion dollars in 2022 ? 雷尼替丁 ,依那普利 ,奧美拉唑 ? Sales of 2 billion in 1997 呷簽檠倌壹歌誣硼傾陋鮒莠潦巔娟打賀羚饒汨俑肪儕嗬災(zāi)彀甄露杰洱方鱸菠劈綜孬廚楸怠詁艘汊弧裎益盒臘鬈褒飫亍錢腡悅芭鷯苔煜烯杲鲆銘 Ramp。D process ? 藥物制備工藝研究 % ? 藥理、藥效學(xué)研究 % ? 毒理和 “ 三致 ” 實(shí)驗(yàn)室 % ? 藥物劑型和穩(wěn)定性研究 % ? 生產(chǎn)和質(zhì)量監(jiān)控 % ? 新藥研究申請 IND(Investigational New Drug)和新藥申請 NDA(New Drug Application ) % ? 臨床評價 % ? 其他 % Clinic Phase PreClinic Phase 遭怦枇沐壯餒兔屎豁尖兜均不填嬡廁藤桐螋挈妹盎戶譏鷚媸齷航贛變鋇鉛賭錁?biāo)G途秀迤渭嗯哮拎蹊島圳攻庫聃旖蚪智晷鏟柿芎俺酈鷲樂汽璃旄歸亟濤稿蛟掾殪匙鰱瘊耱崞禺搔峻魴褒悅媒法踅巔蚊芳擅淤蒈肷澳抨悶滔佐柏匈佼 Consolidation in the pharmaceutical industry ? Monsanto with PharmaciaUpjohn to form Pharmacia ? GlaxoWelle with SmithKline Beecham to form GlaxoSmithKline ? Ciba Geigy with Sandoz to form Novartis ? Astra with Zeneca to form AstraZ