【正文】 have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateur readership. A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists ing together nationally within one or two specific societies, whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to e together nationally in a different way. Although the process of professionalisation and specialisation was already well under way in British geology during the nieenth century, its full consequences were thus delayed until the twentieth century. In science generally, however, the nieenth century must be reckoned as the crucial period for this change in the structure of science. 21. The growth of specialisation in the 19th century might be more clearly seen in sciences such as _______. [AJ sociology and chemistry [B] physics and psychology [C] sociology and psychology [D] physics and chemistry 22. We can infer from the passage that _______. [A] there is little distinction between specialisation and professionalisation [B] amateurs can pete with professionals in some areas of science [C] professionals tend to wele amateurs into the scientific munity [D] amateurs have national academic societies but no local ones 23. The author writes of the development of geology to demonstrate ______. [A] the process of specialisation and professionalisation [B] the hardship of amateurs in scientific study [C] the change of policies in scientific publications [D] the discrimination of professionals against amateurs 24. The direct reason for specialisation is _______. [A] the development in munication [B] the growth of professionalisation [C] the expansion of scientific knowledge [D] the splitting up of academic societies Passage 2 A great deal of attention is being paid today to the socalled digital dividethe division of the world into the info (information) rich and the info poor. And that divide does exist today. My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago. What was less visible then, however, were the new, positive forces that work against the digital divide. There are reasons to be optimistic. There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow. As the Inter bees more and more mercialized, it is in the interest of business 上海航宇裝飾： to universalize accessafter all, the more people online, the more potential customers there are. More and more governments, afraid their countries will be left behind, want to spread Inter access. Within the next decade or two, one to two billion people on the pla will he ted together. As a result, I now believe the digital divide will narrow rather than widen in the years ahead. And that is very good news because the Inter may well be the most powerful tool for bating world poverty that we’ ve ever had. Of course, the use of the Inter isn’ t the only way to defeat poverty. And the Inter is not the only tool we have. But it has enormous potential. To take advantage of this tool, some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anticolonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment. Countries that still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of infrastructure（ the basic structural foundations of a society） in the United States. When the United States built its industrial infrastructure, it didn’ t have the capital to do so. And that is why America’ s Second Wave infrastructureincluding roads, harbors, highways, ports and so onwere built with foreign investment. The English, the Germans, the Dutch and the French were investing in Britain’ s former colony. They financed them. Immigrant Americans built them. Guess who owns them now? The Americans. I believe the same thing would be true in places like Brazil or anywhere else for that matter. The more foreign capital you have helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure, which today is an electronic infrastructure, the better off you’ re going to be. That doesn39。t mean lying down and being fooled, or letting foreign corporations run uncontrolled. But it does mean recognizing how important they can be in building the energy and tele infrastructures needed to take full advantage of the Inter. 25. Digital divide is something _______. [A] getting worse because of the Inter [B] the rich countries are responsible for [C] the world must guard against [D] considered positive today 26. Governments attach importance to the Inter because it _______. [A] offers economic potentials [B] can bring foreign funds [C] can soon wipe out world poverty [D] connects people all over the world 27. The writer mentioned the case of the United States to justify the policy of _______. [A] providing financial support overseas [B] preventing foreign capital’ s control [C] building industrial infrastructure [D] accepting foreign investment 28. It seems that now a country’ s economy depands much on ______. [A] how welldeveloped it is electronically 上海航宇裝飾： [B] whether it is prejudiced against immigrants [C] whether it adopts America’ s industrial pattern [D] how much control it has over foreign corporations Passage 3 Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers? The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer this painful question. The anization is deep into a long selfanalysis known as the journalism credibility project. Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly lowlevel findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, bined with lots of headscratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want. But the sources of distrust go way deeper. Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates (patterns) into which