【正文】 while you cannot sell a part of a car, some months you might sell 11 cars and other months you might sell 12 or 13. 17–6 1. Contribution margin ratio = 1 – ($5,066,600/$10,780,000) = Breakeven sales revenue = $2,194,200/ = $4,140,000 2. Margin of safety = Sales – Breakeven sales = $10,780,000 – $4,140,000 = $6,640,000 3. Contribution margin from increased sales = ($150,000)() = $79,500 Cost of proposal = $140,000 382 No, the proposal is not a good idea, the pany’s operating ine will decrease by $60,500. 17–7 1. Breakeven units = $100,000/($400 – $200) = 500 units 2. First, convert aftertax profit to beforetax profit. Beforetax profit = $240,000/(1 – ) = $400,000 Let X equal the number of units which must be sold to yield beforetax profit of $400,000. $400,000 = $400X – $200X – $100,000 X = 2,500 3. Alternative A is best, as shown by the following calculations: Alternative A: Revenue = $400(350) + $360(2,700) = $1,112,000 Variable cost = $200(3,050) = $610,000 Operating profit = $1,112,000 – $610,000 – $100,000 = $402,000 Aftertax profit = $402,000(1 – ) = $241,200 Alternative B: Revenue = $400(350) + $370(2,200) = $954,000 Variable cost = $200(350) + $175(2,200) = $455,000 Operating profit = $954,000 – $455,000 – $100,000 = $399,000 Aftertax profit = $399,000(1 – ) = $239,400 Alternative C: Revenue = $400(350) + $380(2,000) = $900,000 Variable cost = $200(2,350) = $470,000 Operating profit = $900,000 – $470,000 – $90,000 = $340,000 Aftertax profit = $340,000(1 – ) = $204,000 4. Four assumptions underlying CVP analysis are as follows: All costs can be divided into fixed and variable elements. 383 Total variable costs are directly proportional to volume over the relevant range. Selling prices are to be unchanged. Volume is the only relevant factor affecting cost. 17–8 1. Sales (17,800 ? $35) $623,000 Variable expenses (17,800 ? $) 411,180 Contribution margin $211,820 Fixed expenses 23,800 Operating ine $188,020 Ine taxes (@ 40%) 75,208 Net ine $112,812 2. Breakeven revenue = $23,800/ = $70,000 3. Units = ($23,800 + $214,200)/($ – $) = 20,000 4. Beforetax ine = $214,200/(1 – ) = $357,000 Units = ($23,800 + $357,000)/($ – $) = 32,000 17–9 1. Sales ........................................................ $1,500,000 Less variable expenses: Direct materials .............................. $ 250,000 Direct labor...................................... 150,000 Variable overhead ......................... 80,000 Variable selling amp。 admin. ............. 300,000 780,000 Contribution margin ............................ $ 720,000 Contribution margin ratio = $720,000/$1,500,000 = Breakeven revenue = Fixed expenses/Contribution margin ratio = ($100,000 + $250,000)/ = $729,167 2. Next year’s data: Fixed expenses = $100,000 + $250,000 + $45,000 = $395,000 Sales = $1,500,000 384 Variable expenses = $780,000() = $858,000 Contribution margin ratio = ($1,500,000 – $858,000)/$1,500,000 = Breakeven point = $395,000/ = $922,897 17–10 1. d 2. b 3. a 4. c Original sales .......................... $ 300,000 100% Less: Variable cost ............... 240,000 80% Contribution margin ............. $ 60,000 20% Less: Fixed cost .................... 40,000 Operating ine .................. $ 20,000 If sales increase by 20%, then revised sales equal $360,000, and the revised ine statement is as follows: Revised sales ......................... $ 360,000 100% Less: Variable cost ............... 288,000 80% Contribution margin ............. $ 72,000 20% Less: Fixed cost .................... 40,000 Operating ine .................. $ 32,000 5. a Price = $$ Added profit = Added contribution margin – Added fixed cost ()($5)(50,000) = $(50,000) – Added fixed cost $25,000 = $75,000 – Added fixed cost Added fixed cost = $50,000 6. c 8,500 = $297,500/(P – $140) P = $175 17–11 1. Contribution margin per unit = $ – $* = $ 385 *Variable unit cost = $ + $ + $ + $ + $ = $ Contribution margin ratio = $$ = 2. Breakeven in units = ($12,000 + $6,720)/$ = 26,000 bottles Breakeven in sales = 26,000 $ = $93,600 or = ($12,000 + $6,720)/ = $93,600 17–11 Concluded 3. Sales ($ 35,000) ................................... $126,000 Variable costs ($ 35,000)................... 100,800 Contribution margin ................................ $ 25,200 Fixed costs...................................................... 18,720 Operating ine .................................... $ 6,480 4. Margin of safety = $126,000 – $93,600 = $32,400 or 35,000 ? 26,000 = 9,000 units 5. Breakeven in units = $18,720/($ – $) = 16, or 16,715 if rounded to whole units New operating ine = $4(30,400) – $(30,400) – $18,720 = $121,600 – $87,552 – $18,720 = $15,328 Yes, operating ine will increase by $8,848 ($15,328 – $6,480). 17–12 1. Trimax: $250,000/$50,000 = 5 Quintex: $400,000/$50,000 = 8 2. Trimax, Inc. Quintex, Inc. X = $200,000/* X = $350,000/* X = $400,000 X = $437,500 *$250,000/$500,000 = 。 $400,000/$500,000 = . Quintex must sell more than Trimax in order to break even because it must cover $150,000 more in fixed expenses. (It is more highly leveraged.) 386 3. Trimax: 5 50% = 250% Quintex: 8 50% = 400% The percentage increase in profits for Quintex is higher than Trimax’s increase due to Quintex’s higher degree of operating leverage (., it has a larger amount of fixed expenses in proportion to variable costs than Trimax). Once fixed expenses are covered, additional revenue must only cover variable costs, and 50% of Quintex’s revenue above breakeven i